Chapter 11- Relationships Can Be Deceiving | Complete Solution

Chapter 11- Relationships Can Be Deceiving

Part 1:

1a. State the relationship between the two variables, and do this for two sets of variables. (For example, there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer).

For each of your examples, denote the explanatory variable by A (smoking) and the response variable by B (cancer).

1b. Then describe the nature of that relationship. (For example, there is a positive
correlation between smoking and lung cancer).

1c. Then look at “The Seven Reasons for Relationships” given on page 207 of your text.
For each set of variables, you need to choose two reasons from page 207 and explain why the relationship could exist between your variables. You will be graded based on the quality and depth of your explanations.

For example, reason number 3 states that the explanatory variable is a contributing but not the sole cause of the response variable. Smoking contributes to lung cancer but does not solely cause it. Individuals who smoke might also be less health conscious, have poor diets, more stressful jobs, and hectic lifestyles. These factors could lower the immune system and contribute to the incidence of lung cancer. Smokers with a good diet and less life stress might be less likely to develop lung cancer.

Chapter 12- Relationships Between Categorical Variables

Part 2:
For this part of the assignment:

2a. First, give an example of a categorical variable and a measurement variable. Then, explain how categorical variables differ from measurement variables. (See Chapter 3 for a review on categorical vs. measurement variables).

2b. Come up with two categorical variables. (For example, variable A = smoker, nonsmoker, and variable B = lung cancer after age 65, no lung cancer after age 65). Then, state a hypothesis about the relationship between your variables.

Note: You will need to come up with your own set of variables. You cannot use examples from the book or an example given by a classmate. No credit will be given if you use a study from the book or a study that has been used in a previous post.

2c. Create a contingency table and plug in numbers similar to the one on page 2.
Note: You need to post this into the discussion board site. Do not add this table as an
attachment. Use font 1 to ensure that the table will fit. You will lose a point if you add the table as an attachment and not as a discussion post.

Example of contingency table.

2d. Finally, compute the relative risk of your outcome variable.  (For example, the relative risk of developing lung cancer for smokers over 65 is .42/.11 = 3.81).

2e. Then, interpret the relative risk. (For example, the relative risk of developing lung cancer is 3.81 times greater for smokers over 65 than for non-smokers over age 65).l

Chapter 13 – Relationships Between Categorical Variables

Part 3:

3a. First develop a hypothesis using two categorical variables. Then state the null
and alternative hypothesis. Then explain the difference between the null and
alternative hypothesis.

3b. Discuss the relationship between sample size and statistical significance.

3c. Discuss the difference between statistical and practical significance. Make
sure to indicate what you feel is more important, statistical or practical significance, and explain why.

Assignment total:
    Point Value
Main Post Part 1    4
Main Post Part 2    8
Main Post Part 3    5
Responses    3
Total    20