ADULT HEALTH MED SURG STUDY GUIDE AND NOTES 2024

What is an Electromyogram (EMG)?
 A procedure shows electrical activity within the muscles during contraction
 It is useful for discriminating between muscular dysfunction and nerve dysfunction
Receptive aphasia vs Expressive aphasia
 Receptive aphasia
o When the client cannot understand words or sentences they hear
 Expressive aphasia
o Clients who cannot name simple objects or formulate sentences or phrases
Heart Failure related to Mitral Stenosis
 Expected finding
o Increased pulmonary congestion
o Increased pulmonary artery pressure
o Increased left atrial pressure
o Decreased cardiac output
Cardiac Catheterization
 Nursing consideration
o Educate patient on lying flat for several hours after the procedure
 should remain flat or head of the bed elevated to no more than 30
degrees for 2 to 6 hours after the procedure
 Amount of time depends on the type of closure device the provider uses
o Client will receive medication to relax before the procedure
 mild sedative for relaxation and comfort prior to the procedure
o Educate client to keep their leg straight after the procedure
Blood Transfusion
 Nursing consideration
o Check to determine the packed RBC’s are less than 1 week old
o Ask another nurse to check the packed RBC’s label against the medical record
o Prime the transfusion tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride
o Use an angiocatheter that is 18 to 20 gauge (to allow the packed RBCs to flow
easily)
o Ensure pack of blood is infused slowly over 2 to 4 hour period (to decrease the
risk of bacterial contamination)
Hypervolemic reaction due to circulatory overload (ex. a person getting a blood transfusion)
 manifestations
o Tachycardia
o Dyspnea
o Coughing
o Distended neck veins
Herpes Zoster (Shingles) vs Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital Herpes)
 Herpes Zoster (Shingles) manifestation
o Unilateral, localized, nodular skin lesions
 Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital Herpes) manifestation
o Fluid-filled vesicular rash in the genital region
Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs)
 Manifestations
o Back pain and flank pain
o frequency of urination
o Urgency of urination
o Cloudy urine
o Foul-smelling urine