TEST BANK FOR_SERWAY AND VUILLE’S_COLLEGE PHYSICS NINTH EDITION, VOLUMES 1 & 2

Chapter 1—Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Since 1983 the standard meter has been defined in terms of which of the following?
a.
specific alloy bar housed at Sevres, France
b.
wavelength of light emitted by krypton-86
c.
distance from the Earth's equator to the
North Pole
d.
the distance light travels in a certain fraction
of a second
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
2. Since 1967 the standard definition for the second has been based on which of the following?
a.
characteristic frequency of the cesium-133
atom
b.
average solar day
c.
sidereal day
d.
Greenwich Civil Time
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
3. In mechanics, physicists use three basic quantities to derive additional quantities. Mass is one of the three
quantities. What are the other two?
a.
length and force
b.
power and force
c.
length and time
d.
force and time
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
4. The prefixes which are abbreviated p, n, and G represent which of the following?
a.
10-2, 10-6, and 1015
b.
10-9, 106, and 1010
c.
10-12, 10-9, and 109
d.
10-15, 10-6, and 1012
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
5. The ratio M/m of the prefixes M and m has what value?
a.
103
b.
106
c.
109
d.
1018
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
6. One year is about ____ seconds while one day is exactly ____ seconds.
a.
3.16 ´ 107, 86 400
b.
5.26 ´ 105, 86 400
c.
3.16 ´ 107, 8 640
d.
1.04 ´ 106, 36 000
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
7. The nuclei of atoms contain
a.
electrons only.
b.
neutrons only.
c.
protons and electrons.
d.
protons and neutrons.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.2 The Building Blocks of Matter
8. When was the existence of the neutron confirmed?
a.
in ancient times
b.
in 1895
c.
in 1932
d.
in 1969
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.2 The Building Blocks of Matter
9. The proton contains which of the following combination of quarks?
a.
two up quarks and one down quark
b.
one up quark and two down quarks
c.
one top quark and two bottom quarks
d.
two top quarks and one bottom quark
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.2 The Building Blocks of Matter
10. Which formula is dimensionally consistent with an expression yielding a value for velocity? (a is
acceleration, x is distance, and t is time)
a.
v/t2
b.
vx2
c.
v2/t
d.
at
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
11. Which expression is dimensionally consistent with an expression that would yield a value for time-1? (v is
velocity, x is distance, and t is time)
a.
v/x
b.
v2/x
c.
x/t
d.
v2t
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
12. If the displacement of an object, x, is related to velocity, v, according to the relation x = Av, the constant,
A, has the dimension of which of the following?
a.
acceleration
b.
length
c.
time
d.
area
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
13. The speed of a boat is often given in knots. If a speed of 5 knots were expressed in the SI system of units,
the units would be:
a.
m.
b.
s.
c.
m/s.
d.
kg/s.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
14. If a is acceleration, v is velocity, x is position, and t is time, then which equation is not dimensionally
correct?
a.
t = x/v
b.
a = v2/x
c.
v = a/t
d.
t2 = 2x/a
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
15. Suppose an equation relating position, x, to time, t, is given by x = b t3 + c t4, where b and c are constants.
The dimensions of b and c are respectively:
a.
T3, T4.
b.
1/T3, 1/T4.
c.
L/T3, L/T4.
d.
L2×T3, L2×T4.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
16. Areas always have dimensions ____ while volumes always have dimensions ____.
a.
m2, m3
b.
L2, L3
c.
Both a and b are correct.
d.
No answer is correct because of the
"always."
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
17. Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when
adding the following: 12.4 + 11 + 67.37 + 4.201?
a.
94.971
b.
94.97
c.
95.0
d.
95
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
18. Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when
multiplying the following: 10.5 ´ 8.8 ´ 3.14?
a.
290
b.
290.136
c.
290.1
d.
300
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
19. Calculate (0.82 + 0.042) ´ (4.4 ´ 103), keeping only significant figures.
a.
3 800
b.
3 784
c.
3 793
d.
3 520
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
20. The length and width of a standard sheet of paper is measured, and then the area is found by calculation to
be 93.50 in2. The number of significant figures in the width measurement must be at least:
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
21. The number 0.000 17 has how many significant figures?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
5
d.
6
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
22. Multiplying a 2 significant figure number by a 3 significant figure number and then dividing the product
by a six significant figure number yields a number with how many significant figures?
a.
5/6
b.
1
c.
2
d.
11
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
23. Assume when using a meter stick measuring can be done so that the last significant figure is in the tenth
of a millimeter digit. If you are measuring an object with length between 6 and 7 cm, how many
significant figures will result if you only use the part of the meter stick between the 1-cm and 9-cm
positions?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
more than 4
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
24. Assume when using a meter stick measuring can be done so that the last significant figure is in the tenth
of a millimeter digit. If you are measuring an object with length between 6 and 7 cm, how many
significant figures will result if you only use the part of the meter stick between the 82- and 95-cm
positions?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
more than 4
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
25. Assume when using a meter stick measuring can be done so that the last significant figure is in the tenth
of a millimeter digit. If you are measuring an object with length between 25 and 57 cm, how many
significant figures will result if you only use the part of the meter stick between the 2- and 95-cm
positions?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
more than 4
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
26. How many significant figures does the number 1 700 have?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
One cannot tell with certainty when the
number is written in the given form, but it will
be one of the other given answers.
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
27. In the text are the following conversion factors:
i. 1 mi = 1 609 m
ii. 1 m = 39.37 in.
iii. 1 ft = 30.48 cm
iv. 1 in. = 2.54 cm
The 1 on the left hand side is assumed to have the same number of significant figures as the number on
the right hand side of each of these equations. However, 2 of these conversion factors are exact, and this
means they have the equivalent of an unlimited number of significant figures when used in calculations.
Which 2 are the exact conversion factors?
a.
i and ii
b.
i and iii
c.
ii and iii
d.
iii and iv
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: 1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures | 1.5 Conversion of Units
28. On planet Q the standard unit of volume is called the guppy. Space travelers from Earth have determined
that one liter = 38.2 guppies. How many guppies are in 150 liters?
a.
5 730 guppies
b.
0.255 guppies
c.
3.93 guppies
d.
188 guppies
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
29. On planet Z, the standard unit of length is the foose. Ann the Astronaut is 5.90 feet tall on earth. She lands
on planet Z and is measured to be 94 foosi tall. Her partner Rachael is 88 foosi tall. How tall is Rachael
on Earth?
a.
5.2 feet
b.
5.5 feet
c.
5.8 feet
d.
6.3 feet
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
30. A furlong is a distance of 220 yards. A fortnight is a time period of two weeks. A race horse is running at
a speed of 5.00 yards per second. What is his speed in furlongs per fortnight?
a.
27 500 furlongs/fortnight
b.
13 700 furlongs/fortnight
c.
6 220 furlongs/fortnight
d.
2 750 furlongs/fortnight
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
31. A cereal box has the dimensions of 0.19 m ´ 0.28 m ´ 0.070 m. If there are 3.28 feet per meter, then what
is the volume of the box in cubic feet?
a.
0.13 cubic feet
b.
0.040 cubic feet
c.
0.012 cubic feet
d.
0.003 7 cubic feet
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
32. The distance to the Andromeda Galaxy is estimated at about 2 ´ 106 light years. A light year is the
distance traveled by light in one year; if the speed of light is 3 ´ 108 m/s, about how far is it from our
galaxy to Andromeda? (1 year = 3.15 ´ 107 s)
a.
10 ´ 1015 m
b.
1 ´ 1018 m
c.
2 ´ 1022 m
d.
6 ´ 1012 m
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
33. A cement truck can pour 20 cubic yards of cement per hour. Express this in ft3/min.
a.
1/3 ft3/min
b.
1.0 ft3/min
c.
3 ft3/min
d.
9 ft3/min
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
34. Water flows into a swimming pool at the rate of 8.0 gal/min. The pool is 16 ft wide, 32 ft long and 8.0 ft
deep. How long does it take to fill? (1 U.S. gallon = 231 cubic inches)
a.
32 hours
b.
64 hours
c.
48 hours
d.
24 hours
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
35. When NASA was communicating with astronauts on the moon, the time from sending on the Earth to
receiving on the moon was 1.28 s. Find the distance from Earth to the moon. (The speed of radio waves is
3.00 ´ 108 m/s.)
a.
240 000 km
b.
384 000 km
c.
480 000 km
d.
768 000 km
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
36. The mass of the sun is 2.0 ´ 1030 kg, and the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 ´ 10-27 kg. If we assume
that the sun is mostly composed of hydrogen, how many atoms are there in the sun?
a.
1.2 ´ 1056 atoms
b.
3.4 ´ 1056 atoms
c.
1.2 ´ 1057 atoms
d.
2.4 ´ 1057 atoms
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
37. The information on a one-gallon paint can is that the coverage, when properly applied, is 450 ft2. One
gallon is 231 in3. What is the average thickness of the paint in such an application?
a.
0.003 6 in
b.
0.009 0 in
c.
0.043 in
d.
0.051 in
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 1.5 Conversion of Units
38. Assume everyone in the United States consumes one soft drink in an aluminum can every two days. If
there are 270 million Americans, how many tons of aluminum need to be recycled each year if each can
weighs 1/16 pound and one ton = 2000 pounds?
a.
750 000 tons
b.
1.5 million tons
c.
1.75 million tons
d.
3 million tons
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.6 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations
39. A physics class in a large lecture hall has 150 students. The total mass of the students is about ____ kg.
a.
102
b.
103
c.
104
d.
105
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.6 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations
40. An apartment has 1100 ft2 of floor space. What is the approximate volume of the apartment?
a.
103 ft3
b.
104 ft3
c.
105 ft3
d.
106 ft3
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 1.6 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations
41. Which point is nearest the x-axis?
a.
(-3, 4)
b.
(4, 5)
c.
(-5, 3)
d.
(5, -2)
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.7 Coordinate Systems
42. Each edge of a cube has a length of 25.4 cm. What is the length of a diagonal of the cube going through
the center of the cube?
a.
25.4 in
b.
17.3 in
c.
14.4 in
d.
10.0 in
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 1.7 Coordinate Systems
43. If point A is located at coordinates (5, 3) and point B is located at coordinates (-3, 9), what is the distance
from A to B if the units of the coordinated system are meters?
a.
14 m
b.
10 m
c.
8 m
d.
17 m
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.7 Coordinate Systems
44. A high fountain of water is in the center of a circular pool of water. You walk the circumference of the
pool and measure it to be 150 meters. You then stand at the edge of the pool and use a protractor to gauge
the angle of elevation of the top of the fountain. It is 55°. How high is the fountain?
a.
17 m
b.
23 m
c.
29 m
d.
34 m
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 1.8 Trigonometry
45. A right triangle has sides 5.0 m, 12 m, and 13 m. The smallest angle of this triangle is nearest:
a.
21°.
b.
23°.
c.
43°.
d.
Not attainable since this is not a right
triangle.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.8 Trigonometry
46. If j = 90° - q, what is the value of sin2 j + sin2 q?
a.
0
b.
1
c.
-1
d.
The answer depends on q.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.8 Trigonometry
47. A triangle has sides of length 7.0 cm and 25 cm. If the triangle is a right triangle, which of the following
could be the length of the third side?
a.
18 cm
b.
24 cm
c.
27 cm
d.
32 cm
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.8 Trigonometry
48. A train slowly climbs a 500-m mountain track which is at an angle of 10.0° with respect to the horizontal.
How much altitude does it gain?
a.
86.8 m
b.
88.2 m
c.
341 m
d.
492 m
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 1.8 Trigonometry
49. Note the expression: y = x2. Which statement is most consistent with this expression?
a.
If y doubles, then x quadruples.
b.
y is greater than x.
c.
If x doubles, then y doubles.
d.
If x doubles, then y quadruples.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: Additional Problems
50. Note the expression: y = A/x3. Which statement is most consistent with this expression?
a.
y is less than A.
b.
If x is halved, y is multiplied by eight.
c.
If x is doubled, y is multiplied by a factor of
8.
d.
y is greater than x.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: Additional Problems
51. For which of the values below is x > x3?
a.
x = -1.5
b.
x = 0
c.
x = 1.0
d.
x = 1.5
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: Additional Problems
52. Modern electroplaters can cover a surface area of 60.0 m2 with one troy ounce of gold (volume = 1.611
cm3). What is the thickness of the electroplated gold?
a.
2.68 ´ 10-8 m
b.
1.34 ´ 10-9 m
c.
1.67 ´ 10-6 m
d.
3.33 ´ 10-7 m
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Additional Problems
53. The basic function of an automobile's carburetor is to atomize the gasoline and mix it with air to promote
rapid combustion. Assume that 30 cm3 of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets. Each droplet has
a radius of 2.0 ´ 10-5 m. Find the total surface area of these N spherical droplets.
a.
2 100 cm2
b.
15 000 cm2
c.
18 000 cm2
d.
45 000 cm2
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: Additional Problems
54. A circle has an area of 2.0 m2. A second circle has double the radius of the first. The area of the second
circle is ____ times that of the first.
a.
0.50
b.
2.0
c.
4.0
d.
8.0
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Additional Problems
55. Doubling the radius of a sphere results in increasing its volume by a factor of
a.
2
b.
4
c.
8
d.
8 p
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Additional Problems
56. A room in a house has a floor area of 120 ft2. Which of the following is most likely the approximate
volume of the room?
a.
3 m3
b.
30 m3
c.
300 m3
d.
3 000 m3
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
57. When SI units are plugged into an equation, it is found that the units balance. Which of the following can
we expect to be true for this equation?
a.
The equation will be dimensionally correct.
b.
The equation will be dimensionally correct
except sometimes in cases when the right hand
side of the equation has more than one term.
c.
The equation will not be dimensionally
correct.
d.
All constants of proportionality will be
correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: Conceptual Problems
58. How long has it been that scientists have accepted that the nucleus of the atom consists of neutrons and
protons? Think of your answers in terms of order of magnitude.
a.
about a decade
b.
about a century
c.
about a thousand years
d.
since Aristotle
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: Conceptual Problems
59. Consider the sine of any angle between 30° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the
sine of the angle?
a.
It would double.
b.
It would more than double.
c.
It would increase but be less than double.
d.
In different cases, it could do any of the
above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
60. There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures. For example, suppose a
quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0, and our best estimate of the value is midrange
at 20.2. We could write the number as 20.2 +/- 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty. We
would also say it has 3 significant figures. If we square a number with 1% uncertainty (i.e., 2 parts in
about 200) and 3 significant figures, what results?
a.
A number with 1% uncertainty and 3
significant figures.
b.
A number with 2% uncertainty and 3
significant figures.
c.
A number with 2% uncertainty and 2
significant figures.
d.
A number with 1% uncertainty and 2
significant figures.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
Chapter 2—Motion in One Dimension
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A change in a physical quantity w having initial value wi and final value wf is given by which of the
following?
a.
wi - wf
b.
wf - wi
c.
(wf + wi)/2
d.
none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.1 Displacement
2. Displacement is which of the following types of quantities?
a.
vector
b.
scalar
c.
magnitude
d.
dimensional
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.1 Displacement
3. A truck moves 70 m east, then moves 120 m west, and finally moves east again a distance of 90 m. If east
is chosen as the positive direction, what is the truck's resultant displacement?
a.
40 m
b.
-40 m
c.
280 m
d.
-280 m
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.1 Displacement
4. Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
a.
temperature
b.
velocity
c.
acceleration
d.
displacement
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.1 Displacement
5. In one-dimensional motion, the average speed of an object that moves from one place to another and then
back to its original place has which of the following properties?
a.
It is positive.
b.
It is negative.
c.
It is zero.
d.
It can be positive, negative, or zero.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
6. In one-dimensional motion where the direction is indicated by a plus or minus sign, the average velocity
of an object has which of the following properties?
a.
It is positive.
b.
It is negative.
c.
It is zero.
d.
It can be positive, negative, or zero.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
7. An object moves 20 m east in 30 s and then returns to its starting point taking an additional 50 s. If west is
chosen as the positive direction, what is the sign associated with the average velocity of the object?
a.
+
b.
-
c.
0 (no sign)
d.
any of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
8. An object moves 20 m east in 30 s and then returns to its starting point taking an additional 50 s. If west is
chosen as the positive direction, what is the average speed of the object?
a.
0.50 m/s
b.
-0.50 m/s
c.
0.73 m/s
d.
0 m/s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
9. A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 28 m in 11 s. What is the
average velocity?
a.
1.7 m/s
b.
2.5 m/s
c.
3.4 m/s
d.
zero
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
10. A cheetah can run at approximately 100 km/hr and a gazelle at 80.0 km/hr. If both animals are running at
full speed, with the gazelle 70.0 m ahead, how long before the cheetah catches its prey?
a.
12.6 s
b.
25.2 s
c.
6.30 s
d.
10.7 s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
11. A cheetah can maintain its maximum speed of 100 km/hr for 30.0 seconds. What minimum distance must
a gazelle running 80.0 km/hr be ahead of the cheetah to escape?
a.
100 m
b.
167 m
c.
70.0 m
d.
83.0 m
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
12. Jeff throws a ball straight up. For which situation is the vertical velocity zero?
a.
on the way up
b.
at the top
c.
on the way back down
d.
none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
13. A railroad train travels forward along a straight track at 80.0 m/s for 1 000 m and then travels at 50.0 m/s
for the next 1 000 m. What is the average velocity?
a.
65.0 m/s
b.
61.5 m/s
c.
63.7 m/s
d.
70.0 m/s
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
14. The distance of the Earth from the sun is 93 000 000 miles. If there are 3.15 ´ 107 s in one year, find the
speed of the Earth in its orbit about the sun.
a.
9.28 miles/s
b.
18.6 miles/s
c.
27.9 miles/s
d.
37.2 miles/s
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
15. A ball is thrown vertically upwards at 19.6 m/s. For its complete trip (up and back down to the starting
position), its average velocity is:
a.
19.6 m/s.
b.
9.80 m/s.
c.
4.90 m/s.
d.
not given.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
16. Changing the positive direction in a reference frame to the opposite direction does not change the sign of
which of the following quantities?
a.
velocity
b.
average velocity
c.
speed
d.
displacement
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
17. On a position versus time graph, the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that
are separated in time by the interval Dt, is which of the following quantities?
a.
average steepness
b.
average velocity
c.
instantaneous velocity
d.
average acceleration
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
18. Consider the magnitude of the average speed, , and the magnitude of the average velocity, , for the same
trip. Which of the following is always true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 2.2 Velocity
19. A European sports car dealer claims that his car will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to 100 km/hr in
8.00 s. If so, what is the acceleration? (Hint: First convert speed to m/s.)
a.
3.47 m/s2
b.
6.82 m/s2
c.
11.4 m/s2
d.
17.4 m/s2
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
20. A European sports car dealer claims that his product will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to a speed
of 100 km/hr in 8.00 s. What is the speed after the first 5.00 s of acceleration? (Hint: First convert the
speed to m/s.)
a.
34.7 m/s
b.
44.4 m/s
c.
28.7 m/s
d.
17.4 m/s
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
21. An x vs. t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction. The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s
the velocity of the ball is zero. We can be positive that at t = 5 s,
a.
the slope of the curve is non-zero.
b.
the ball has stopped.
c.
the acceleration is constant.
d.
the curve is at x = 0, t = 0.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
22. A v vs. t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction. The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the
acceleration of the ball is zero. We know that at t = 5 s,
a.
the slope of the curve is non-zero.
b.
the velocity of the ball is not changing.
c.
the curve is not crossing the time axis.
d.
the curve is at v = 0, t = 0.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
23. The value of an object's acceleration may be characterized in equivalent words by which of the
following?
a.
displacement
b.
rate of change of displacement
c.
velocity
d.
rate of change of velocity
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
24. A 50-g ball traveling at 25.0 m/s is bounced off a brick wall and rebounds at 22.0 m/s. A high-speed
camera records this event. If the ball is in contact with the wall for 3.50 ms, what is the average acceleration
of the ball during this time interval?
a.
13 400 m/s2
b.
6 720 m/s2
c.
857 m/s2
d.
20 m/s2
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
25. An object is dropped from a height. Once it is moving, which of the following statements is true, at least
at one point?
a.
Its velocity is more than its acceleration.
b.
Its velocity is less than its acceleration.
c.
Its velocity is the same as its acceleration.
d.
Its velocity is never equal to its acceleration.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
26. The slope of the acceleration vs. time curve represents:
a.
the velocity.
b.
the rate of change of acceleration.
c.
the rate of change of displacement.
d.
the area under the position vs. time curve.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.3 Acceleration
27. A strobe photograph shows equally spaced images of a car moving along a straight road. If the time
intervals between images is constant, which of the following cannot be positive?
a.
the speed of the car
b.
the average velocity of the car
c.
the acceleration of the car
d.
the direction of motion of the car
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.4 Motion Diagrams
28. A strobe photograph of a car moving along a straight road shows the interval between each successive
image to be diminishing. If the direction of motion of the car is taken as positive, which of the following
are negative?
a.
the speed of the car
b.
the average velocity of the car
c.
the average acceleration of the car
d.
all of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.4 Motion Diagrams
29. A ball is pushed with an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s. The ball rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration
of 1.6 m/s2. The ball reaches the bottom of the hill in 8.0 s. What is the ball's velocity at the bottom of the
hill?
a.
10 m/s
b.
12 m/s
c.
16 m/s
d.
17 m/s
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
30. A cart is given an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s and experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. What is
the magnitude of the cart's displacement during the first 6.0 s of its motion?
a.
10 m
b.
55 m
c.
66 m
d.
80 m
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
31. A vehicle designed to operate on a drag strip accelerates from zero to 30 m/s while undergoing a straight
line path displacement of 45 m. What is the vehicle's acceleration if its value may be assumed to be
constant?
a.
2.0 m/s2
b.
5.0 m/s2
c.
10 m/s2
d.
15 m/s2
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
32. When a drag strip vehicle reaches a velocity of 60 m/s, it begins a negative acceleration by releasing a
drag chute and applying its brakes. While reducing its velocity back to zero, its acceleration along a
straight line path is a constant -7.5 m/s2. What displacement does it undergo during this deceleration
period?
a.
40 m
b.
80 m
c.
160 m
d.
240 m
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
33. A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 28 m in 11 s. What is the
final velocity after 11 s?
a.
1.8 m/s
b.
3.2 m/s
c.
5.1 m/s
d.
zero
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
34. A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 28 m in 11 s. What is its
acceleration?
a.
0.21 m/s2
b.
0.46 m/s2
c.
0.64 m/s2
d.
0.78 m/s2
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
35. A European sports car dealer claims that his product will accelerate at a constant rate from rest to a speed
of 100 km/hr in 8.00 s. What distance will the sports car travel during the 8 s acceleration period? (Hint:
First convert speed to m/s.)
a.
55.5 m
b.
77.7 m
c.
111 m
d.
222 m
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
36. Norma releases a bowling ball from rest; it rolls down a ramp with constant acceleration. After half a
second it has traveled 0.75 m. How far has it traveled after two seconds?
a.
1.2 m
b.
4.7 m
c.
9.0 m
d.
12 m
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
37. An automobile driver puts on the brakes and decelerates from 30.0 m/s to zero in 10.0 s. What distance
does the car travel?
a.
150 m
b.
196 m
c.
336 m
d.
392 m
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
38. A drag racer starts from rest and accelerates at 10 m/s2 for the entire distance of 400 m (1/4 mile). What is
the velocity of the race car at the end of the run?
a.
45 m/s
b.
89 m/s
c.
130 m/s
d.
180 m/s
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
39. A Cessna aircraft has a lift-off speed of 120 km/hr. What minimum constant acceleration does this require
if the aircraft is to be airborne after a take-off run of 240 m?
a.
2.31 m/s2
b.
3.63 m/s2
c.
4.63 m/s2
d.
5.55 m/s2
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
40. If the displacement of an object is given in SI units by Dx = -3 t + 4 t 2, at t = 2 s its velocity and
acceleration are, respectively:
a.
positive, positive.
b.
positive, negative.
c.
negative, negative.
d.
negative, positive.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
41. In the case of constant acceleration, the average velocity equals the instantaneous velocity:
a.
at the beginning of the time interval.
b.
at the end of the time interval.
c.
half-way through the time interval.
d.
three-fourths of the way through the time
interval.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
42. Two students are working on the same constant acceleration problem involving a car undergoing constant
acceleration, having started from rest and after a certain time having traveled a distance of 108 m. The
students are to find the average velocity. Both students are required to show their work and round any
intermediate answers as well as the final answer properly to 3 significant figures. Each rounded answer is
to be used in the next step of calculation as they proceed. For the final answer, Student A uses the formula
getting the result 7.26 m/s, and Student B uses the formula getting the result 7.29 m/s. Assuming neither
student makes a mistake, which student has the better answer?
a.
Student A
b.
Student B
c.
Under significant figure rounding, both
answers are equally as good.
d.
The described result cannot happen; this is
physics after all.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2
TOP: 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
43. A rock is thrown straight down with an initial velocity of 14.5 m/s from a cliff. What is the rock's
displacement after 2.0 s? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s2.)
a.
28 m
b.
49 m
c.
55 m
d.
64 m
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
44. A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s. What maximum height will the rock
reach before starting to fall downward? (Take acceleration due to gravity as 9.80 m/s2.)
a.
9.80 m
b.
19.6 m
c.
24.5 m
d.
30.6 m
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
45. A rock is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 19.6 m/s. What time interval elapses between the
rock's being thrown and its return to the original launch point? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s2.)
a.
4.00 s
b.
5.00 s
c.
8.00 s
d.
10.0 s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
46. Two objects of different mass are released simultaneously from the top of a 20-m tower and fall to the
ground. If air resistance is negligible, which statement best applies?
a.
The greater mass hits the ground first.
b.
Both objects hit the ground together.
c.
The smaller mass hits the ground first.
d.
No conclusion can be made with the
information given.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
47. A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot when it returns to his
mitt. At what point in the ball's path does it experience zero velocity and non-zero acceleration at the
same time?
a.
midway on the way up
b.
at the top of its trajectory
c.
the instant it leaves the catcher's hand
d.
the instant before it arrives in the catcher's
mitt
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
48. A baseball is released at rest from the top of the Washington Monument. It hits the ground after falling
for 6.0 s. What was the height from which the ball was dropped? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and assume air resistance
is negligible)
a.
1.5 ´ 102 m
b.
1.8 ´ 102 m
c.
1.1 ´ 102 m
d.
2.1 ´ 102 m
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
49. A rock, released at rest from the top of a tower, hits the ground after 1.5 s. What is the speed of the rock
as it hits the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)
a.
15 m/s
b.
20 m/s
c.
31 m/s
d.
39 m/s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
50. Omar throws a rock down with speed 12 m/s from the top of a tower. The rock hits the ground after 2.0 s.
What is the height of the tower? (air resistance is negligible)
a.
20 m
b.
24 m
c.
44 m
d.
63 m
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
51. Gwen releases a rock at rest from the top of a 40-m tower. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible,
what is the speed of the rock as it hits the ground?
a.
28 m/s
b.
30 m/s
c.
56 m/s
d.
784 m/s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
52. John throws a rock down with speed 14 m/s from the top of a 30-m tower. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air
resistance is negligible, what is the rock's speed just as it hits the ground?
a.
12 m/s
b.
28 m/s
c.
350 m/s
d.
784 m/s
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
53. Human reaction time is usually about 0.20 s. If your lab partner holds a ruler between your finger and
thumb and releases it without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it? The
nearest value is:
a.
4.0 cm.
b.
9.8 cm.
c.
16 cm.
d.
20 cm.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
54. At the top of a cliff 100 m high, Raoul throws a rock upward with velocity 15.0 m/s. How much later
should he drop a second rock from rest so both rocks arrive simultaneously at the bottom of the cliff?
a.
5.05 s
b.
3.76 s
c.
2.67 s
d.
1.78 s
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
55. Maria throws two stones from the top edge of a building with a speed of 20 m/s. She throws one straight
down and the other straight up. The first one hits the street in a time t1. How much later is it before the
second stone hits?
a.
5 s
b.
4 s
c.
3 s
d.
Not enough information is given to work
this problem.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
56. Mt. Everest is more than 8 000 m high. How fast would an object be moving if it could free fall to sea
level after being released from an 8000-m elevation? (Ignore air resistance.)
a.
396 m/s
b.
120 m/s
c.
1 200 m/s
d.
12 000 m/s
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
57. A basketball player can jump 1.6 m off the hardwood floor. With what upward velocity did he leave the
floor?
a.
1.4 m/s
b.
2.8 m/s
c.
4.2 m/s
d.
5.6 m/s
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
58. A water rocket, launched from the ground, rises vertically with acceleration of 30 m/s2 for 1.0 s when it
runs out of "fuel." Disregarding air resistance, how high will the rocket rise?
a.
15 m
b.
31 m
c.
61 m
d.
120 m
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
59. A parachutist jumps out of an airplane and accelerates with gravity to a maximum velocity of 58.8 m/s in
6.00 seconds. She then pulls the parachute cord and after a 4.00-second constant deceleration, descends at
10.0 m/s for 60.0 seconds, reaching the ground. From what height did the parachutist jump?
a.
914 m
b.
1 130 m
c.
1 520 m
d.
1 750 m
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
60. A ball is thrown vertically upwards at 19.6 m/s. For its complete trip (up and back down to the starting
position), its average speed is:
a.
19.6 m/s.
b.
9.80 m/s.
c.
4.90 m/s.
d.
not given.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: 2.6 Freely-Falling Objects
61. A ball of relatively low density is thrown upwards. Because of air resistance the acceleration while
traveling upwards is -10.8 m/s2. On its trip downward the resistance is in the opposite direction, and the
resulting acceleration is -8.8 m/s2. When the ball reaches the level from which it was thrown, how does
its speed compare to that with which it was thrown?
a.
It is greater than the original speed upward.
b.
It is the same as the original speed upward.
c.
It is less than the original speed upward.
d.
Without knowing the original speed, this
problem cannot be solved.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
62. Starting from rest, a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a1 for a time t1, then
the acceleration is changed to a different constant value a2 for an additional time t2. The total elapsed time
is t1 + t2. Can the equations of kinematics be used to find the total distance traveled?
a.
No, because this is not a case of constant
acceleration.
b.
Yes, use (a1 + a2)/2 as the average acceleration
and the total time in the calculation.
c.
Yes, use a1 + a2 as the acceleration and the
average time (t1 + t2)/2 in the calculation.
d.
Yes, break the problem up into 2 problems,
one with the conditions for the first time interval
and the other with the conditions for the second
time interval, noting that for the second time
interval the initial velocity is that from the end
of the first time interval. When done, add the
distances from each of the time intervals.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
63. Starting from rest, a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a for a time t, then the
direction of the acceleration is reversed, (i.e., it is -a), and the car comes to a stop in an additional time t,
the time for the whole trip being 2t. At what time, or times, is the average velocity of the car for the trip
equal to its instantaneous velocity during the trip?
a.
There is no such time.
b.
It is at the halfway point at t.
c.
This occurs at 2 times, 0.5 t and 1.5 t.
d.
This occurs at 2 times, 0.707 t and 1.293 t.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
64. A ball rolls down an incline, starting from rest. If the total time it takes to reach the end of the incline is T,
how much time has elapsed when it is halfway down the incline?
a.
0.5 T
b.
< 0.5 T
c.
> 0.5 T
d.
More information is needed.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
65. In which of the following cases is the displacement's magnitude half the distance traveled?
a.
10 steps east followed by 3 steps west
b.
22 steps east followed by 11 steps west
c.
5 steps east followed by 10 steps west
d.
15 steps east followed by 5 steps west
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 TOP: Conceptual Problems
Chapter 3—Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which type of quantity is characterized by both magnitude and direction?
a.
scalar
b.
vector
c.
trigonometric
d.
algebraic variable
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 3.1 Vectors and Their Properties
2. Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?
a.
velocity
b.
temperature
c.
volume
d.
mass
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 3.1 Vectors and Their Properties
3. When we subtract a velocity vector from another velocity vector, the result is:
a.
another velocity.
b.
an acceleration.
c.
a displacement.
d.
a scalar.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 3.1 Vectors and Their Properties
4. When we add a displacement vector to another displacement vector, the result is:
a.
a velocity.
b.
an acceleration.
c.
another displacement.
d.
a scalar.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 3.1 Vectors and Their Properties
5. A student adds two vectors with magnitudes of 200 and 40. Which one of the following is the only
possible choice for the magnitude of the resultant?
a.
100
b.
200
c.
260
d.
40
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1
TOP: 3.1 Vectors and Their Properties
6. Vector points north, and vector points east. If = - , then