TEST BANK FOR KIMMEL AND ARONSON SOCIOLOGY NOW The Essentials Prepared by Elizabeth Pare

Chapter 1 What is Sociology? 1
Chapter 2 Culture and Society 16
Chapter 3 Society: Interactions, Groups, and Organizations 30
Chapter 4 How Do We Know What We Know? The Methods
of the Sociologist 44
Chapter 5 Socialization 58
Chapter 6 Deviance and Crime 72
Chapter 7 Stratification and Social Class 87
Chapter 8 Race and Ethnicity 102
Chapter 9 Sex and Gender 120
Chapter 10 Age and Sexuality 136
Chapter 11 The Family 151
Chapter 12 Economy and Work 165
Chapter 13 Politics and Media 179
Chapter 14 Education 193
Chapter 15 Sociology of Environments: The Natural, Physical,
and Human Worlds 207
Chapter􀈱1 What􀈱Is􀈱Sociology?
1.1 Multiple􀈱Choice
1) Sociology􀈱is􀈱best􀈱described􀈱as
A) The􀈱study􀈱of􀈱personalities
B) The􀈱study􀈱of􀈱human􀈱behavior􀈱in􀈱society
C) The􀈱study􀈱of􀈱human􀈱genetics
D) The􀈱study􀈱of􀈱common􀈱sense
Answer: B
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Skill: Knowledge
2) Which􀈱sociologist􀈱wrote􀈱of􀈱the􀈱􀈈sociological􀈱imagination􀈈?
A) C.􀈱Wright􀈱Mills B) Karl􀈱Marx
C) Alexis􀈱de􀈱Tocqueville D) Auguste􀈱Comte
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
3) What􀈱does􀈱the􀈱􀈈sociological􀈱imagination􀈈􀈱classify􀈱our􀈱lives􀈱as?
A) Conflicted􀈱lives B) Contrasting􀈱lives
C) Contextual􀈱lives D) Convoluted􀈱lives
Answer: C
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Skill: Comprehension
4) What􀈱type􀈱of􀈱science􀈱is􀈱sociology?
A) Physical B) Hard C) Soft D) Social
Answer: D
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Skill: Knowledge
5) Sociology􀈱uses􀈱which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱as􀈱part􀈱of􀈱its􀈱scientific􀈱approach􀈱to􀈱interpret􀈱social
behavior?
A) Bias B) Systematic􀈱observations
C) Simple􀈱common􀈱sense D) Preconceptions
Answer: B
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Skill: Comprehension
6) What􀈱was􀈱an􀈱outcome􀈱of􀈱the􀈱􀈈Enlightenment􀈈?
A) Use􀈱of􀈱reason􀈱to􀈱understand􀈱the􀈱relationship􀈱of􀈱the􀈱individual􀈱and􀈱society.
B) Use􀈱of􀈱faith􀈱alone􀈱to􀈱understand􀈱the􀈱relationship􀈱of􀈱the􀈱individual􀈱and􀈱society.
C) A􀈱rejection􀈱of􀈱the􀈱rationalist􀈱approach.
D) An􀈱embrace􀈱of􀈱the􀈱divine􀈱authority􀈱of􀈱the􀈱monarchy.
Answer: A
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Skill: Analysis
1
7) Which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following,􀈱according􀈱to􀈱John􀈱Locke,􀈱plays􀈱an􀈱essential􀈱role􀈱in􀈱people􀈱joining
together􀈱in􀈱a􀈱society?
A) Psychological􀈱agreements B) Social􀈱contracts
C) Socio-cultural􀈱bargains D) Physiological􀈱contracts
Answer: B
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Skill: Knowledge
8) Which􀈱two􀈱themes􀈱came􀈱together􀈱in􀈱the􀈱work􀈱of􀈱Thomas􀈱Jefferson?
A) Individual􀈱liberty􀈱and􀈱that􀈱society􀈱removes􀈱freedom
B) Social􀈱liberty􀈱and􀈱that􀈱individuals􀈱do􀈱not􀈱need􀈱freedom
C) Individual􀈱liberty􀈱and􀈱that􀈱society􀈱enhanced􀈱freedom
D) Social􀈱freedoms􀈱and􀈱that􀈱the􀈱individual􀈱does􀈱not􀈱enhance􀈱liberty
Answer: C
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Skill: Synthesis
9) Who􀈱first􀈱coined􀈱the􀈱term􀈱sociology?
A) Auguste􀈱Comte B) Karl􀈱Marx
C) Emile􀈱Durkheim D) Max􀈱Weber
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
10) Which􀈱definition􀈱does􀈱the􀈱text􀈱use􀈱to􀈱describe􀈱modernism?
A) The􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱evolutionary􀈱progress,􀈱through􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱religion
B) The􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱de-evolution􀈱and􀈱the􀈱scientific􀈱method􀈱to􀈱explain􀈱the􀈱Divine
C) The􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱evolutionary􀈱progress,􀈱through􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱science
D) The􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱de-evolution􀈱and􀈱the􀈱use􀈱of􀈱science􀈱to􀈱explain􀈱the􀈱social􀈱world
Answer: C
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Skill: Knowledge
11) Which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱is􀈱NOT􀈱one􀈱of􀈱the􀈱stages􀈱that􀈱Comte􀈱believed􀈱each􀈱society􀈱passes
through?
A) Metaphysical B) Metempsychosis
C) Religious D) Scientific
Answer: B
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Skill: Knowledge
12) Alexis􀈱de􀈱Tocqueville􀈱wrote􀈱about􀈱􀈱what􀈱in􀈱America?
A) Democracy B) Socialism C) Communism D) Fascism
Answer: A
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Skill: Comprehension
2
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
13) Which􀈱is􀈱a􀈱central􀈱component􀈱of􀈱Karl􀈱Marx􀈇s􀈱theoretical􀈱framework?
A) Social􀈱engineering B) Democracy
C) Corporate􀈱economy D) Capitalism
Answer: D
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Skill: Comprehension
14) Marx􀈱believes􀈱that􀈱the􀈱best􀈱economic􀈱system􀈱is􀈱one􀈱that􀈱has􀈱collective􀈱ownership􀈱of􀈱all
property.􀈱􀈱Which􀈱economic􀈱system􀈱best􀈱fits􀈱what􀈱Marx􀈱supports?
A) Socialism B) Communism
C) Capitalism D) Mixed􀈱economy
Answer: B
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Skill: Application
15) Which􀈱term􀈱in􀈱Marx􀈇s􀈱theory􀈱would􀈱be􀈱applied􀈱to􀈱the􀈱working􀈱class?
A) Bourgeoisie B) Petite􀈱Bourgeoisie
C) Proletariat D) Lumpenproletariat
Answer: C
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Skill: Application
16) What􀈱central􀈱insight􀈱was􀈱illustrated􀈱in􀈱Emile􀈱Durkheim􀈇s􀈱study􀈱of􀈱suicide?
A) Society􀈱is􀈱held􀈱together􀈱by􀈱􀈈solidarity􀈈.
B) Society􀈱is􀈱held􀈱together􀈱by􀈱loose􀈱social􀈱contracts.
C) Society􀈱is􀈱held􀈱together􀈱by􀈱social􀈱stratification.
D) Society􀈱is􀈱held􀈱together􀈱by􀈱canonical􀈱decree.
Answer: A
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Skill: Comprehension
17) According􀈱to􀈱Durkheim􀈱which􀈱form􀈱of􀈱solidarity􀈱shares􀈱a􀈱common􀈱culture􀈱and􀈱sense􀈱of
morality?
A) Mechanical B) Organic C) Communal D) Natural
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
18) According􀈱to􀈱Durkheim􀈱which􀈱form􀈱of􀈱solidarity􀈱exists􀈱when􀈱people􀈱are􀈱interdependent,􀈱share
less􀈱obvious􀈱common􀈱values,􀈱have􀈱diverse􀈱and􀈱conflicting􀈱interests,􀈱and􀈱a􀈱more􀈱complex
division􀈱of􀈱labor?
A) Mechanical B) Communal C) Organic D) Natural
Answer: C
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Skill: Knowledge
3
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
19) Which􀈱book􀈱is􀈱considered􀈱to􀈱be􀈱Max􀈱Weber􀈇s􀈱most􀈱famous􀈱work?
A) The􀈱Catholic􀈱Ethic􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Spirit􀈱of􀈱Liberation􀈱Theology
B) The􀈱Protestant􀈱Ethic􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Spirit􀈱of􀈱Capitalism
C) The􀈱Protestant􀈱Spirit􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Ethics􀈱of􀈱Communism
D) The􀈱Catholic􀈱Spirit􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Ethics􀈱of􀈱Capitalism
Answer: B
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Skill: Knowledge
20) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱the􀈱concept􀈱􀈈social􀈱telesis􀈈?
A) Those􀈱who􀈱ruled􀈱deserved􀈱to􀈱do􀈱so􀈱because􀈱they􀈱had􀈱􀈈adapted􀈈􀈱best􀈱to􀈱social􀈱conditions.
B) Those􀈱who􀈱ruled􀈱deserved􀈱to􀈱do􀈱so􀈱because􀈱they􀈱were􀈱biologically􀈱superior.
C) Those􀈱who􀈱ruled􀈱did􀈱not􀈱deserve􀈱to􀈱do􀈱so􀈱because􀈱they􀈱were􀈱not􀈱properly􀈱􀈈adapted􀈈􀈱to
social􀈱conditions.
D) Those􀈱who􀈱ruled􀈱did􀈱not􀈱deserve􀈱to􀈱do􀈱so􀈱because􀈱they􀈱were􀈱biologically􀈱superior
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
21) Which􀈱is􀈱true􀈱about􀈱the􀈱classical􀈱canon􀈱of􀈱sociology􀈱according􀈱to􀈱your􀈱text?
A) It􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱primarily􀈱of􀈱white􀈱women.
B) It􀈱consists􀈱entirely􀈱of􀈱white􀈱men.
C) It􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱an􀈱ethnically􀈱diverse􀈱group.
D) It􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱mostly􀈱lower􀈱socio-economic􀈱status􀈱theorists.
Answer: B
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Skill: Evaluation
22) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱symbolic􀈱interactionism?
A) An􀈱individual􀈇s􀈱interactions􀈱with􀈱his􀈱or􀈱her􀈱environment􀈱help􀈱a􀈱person􀈱develop􀈱a􀈱sense
of􀈱􀈈self􀈈.
B) An􀈱individual􀈇s􀈱interactions􀈱create􀈱social􀈱cohesion,􀈱stability,􀈱and􀈱equilibrium􀈱for􀈱society.
C) An􀈱individual􀈱is􀈱integrated􀈱into􀈱various􀈱levels􀈱of􀈱the􀈱social􀈱world􀈱via􀈱inequity.
D) An􀈱individual􀈱is􀈱integrated􀈱into􀈱the􀈱social􀈱world􀈱through􀈱shared􀈱values􀈱and􀈱traditions
alone.
Answer: A
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Skill: Comprehension
23) Which􀈱theorist􀈱used􀈱a􀈱􀈈dramaturgical􀈱model􀈈?
A) Robert􀈱K.􀈱Merton B) W.E.B.􀈱DuBois
C) George􀈱Ritzer D) Erving􀈱Goffman
Answer: D
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Skill: Knowledge
4
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
24) Jane􀈱believes􀈱that􀈱social􀈱life􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱several􀈱distinct􀈱integrated􀈱levels􀈱that􀈱enable􀈱the􀈱world
to􀈱find􀈱stability,􀈱order,􀈱and􀈱meaning.􀈱􀈱Jane􀈇s􀈱belief􀈱is􀈱an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱which􀈱theory?
A) Structural􀈱Functionalism B) Symbolic􀈱Interactionism
C) Multicultural􀈱Feminism D) Marxism
Answer: A
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Skill: Application
25) A􀈱coherent􀈱model􀈱of􀈱how􀈱society􀈱works􀈱and􀈱how􀈱individuals􀈱are􀈱socialized􀈱into􀈱their􀈱roles
within􀈱it􀈱is􀈱called?
A) A􀈱structure B) A􀈱paradigm C) An􀈱institution D) A􀈱social􀈱play
Answer: B
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Skill: Knowledge
26) Which􀈱sociological􀈱theorist􀈱was􀈱a􀈱central􀈱figure􀈱of􀈱structural-functionalist􀈱analysis?
A) Erving􀈱Goffman B) Lester􀈱Ward
C) George􀈱Ritzer D) Talcott􀈱Parsons
Answer: D
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Skill: Knowledge
27) What􀈱,according􀈱to􀈱Robert􀈱K.􀈱Merton,􀈱can􀈱the􀈱functions􀈱of􀈱any􀈱institution􀈱or􀈱interaction􀈱be?
A) Either􀈱manifest􀈱or􀈱latent B) Either􀈱multiple􀈱or􀈱singular
C) Both􀈱concrete􀈱and􀈱abstract D) Neither􀈱manifest􀈱nor􀈱latent
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
28) Which􀈱theory􀈱suggests􀈱that􀈱the􀈱dynamics􀈱of􀈱society,􀈱both􀈱of􀈱social􀈱order􀈱and􀈱social􀈱resistance,
were􀈱the􀈱result􀈱of􀈱conflict􀈱among􀈱different􀈱groups?
A) Functionalist􀈱theory B) Symbolic􀈱Interactionist􀈱theory
C) Conflict􀈱theory D) Dramaturgy
Answer: C
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Skill: Comprehension
29) Globalization􀈱focuses􀈱on􀈱which􀈱level􀈱analysis􀈱when􀈱examining􀈱institutional􀈱processes?
A) Microlevel􀈱analysis B) Macrolevel􀈱analysis
C) Mesolevel􀈱analysis D) Multilevel􀈱analysis
Answer: B
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Skill: Comprehension
5
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
30) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱multiculturalism?
A) The􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱the􀈱dominant􀈱culture
B) The􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱the􀈱minority􀈱or􀈱subculture
C) The􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱many􀈱different􀈱cultures
D) The􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱counterculture􀈱movements
Answer: C
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Skill: Knowledge
31) What􀈱is􀈱the􀈱process􀈱of􀈱interaction􀈱and􀈱integration􀈱among􀈱the􀈱people,􀈱companies,􀈱and
governments􀈱of􀈱different􀈱nations􀈱known􀈱as?
A) Universalism B) Globalization C) Relativism D) Particularism
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱28
Skill: Knowledge
32) George􀈱Ritzer􀈱coined􀈱what􀈱term􀈱for􀈱the􀈱increasing􀈱homogenity􀈱around􀈱the􀈱world?
A) McDonaldization B) Burger􀈱King􀈱Mentality
C) Fast􀈱Food􀈱Nation D) The􀈱Big􀈱Bell􀈱Grande
Answer: A
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Skill: Knowledge
33) Which􀈱political􀈱scientist􀈱stated􀈱that􀈱our􀈱world􀈱is􀈱characterized􀈱by􀈱both􀈱􀈈McWorld􀈈􀈱and􀈱􀈈Jihad􀈈?
A) George􀈱Ritzer B) Thomas􀈱Friedman
C) Harvey􀈱Molotch D) Benjamin􀈱Barber
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱29
Skill: Comprehension
34) What􀈱is􀈱the􀈱suggestion􀈱that􀈱postmodernism􀈱makes􀈱about􀈱the􀈱world􀈱we􀈱live􀈱in?
A) The􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱may􀈱not􀈱be􀈱found􀈱in􀈱the􀈱rejection􀈱of􀈱rigid􀈱patterns􀈱of
development􀈱but􀈱rather􀈱in􀈱adherence􀈱to􀈱the􀈱older􀈱traditions,􀈱beliefs,􀈱and􀈱practices􀈱that
existed􀈱before􀈱the􀈱modern􀈱world.
B) The􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱can􀈱be􀈱found􀈱only􀈱in􀈱the􀈱rigid􀈱social􀈱construction􀈱of􀈱scientific
dogma􀈱that􀈱provides􀈱a􀈱narrow􀈱view􀈱of􀈱human􀈱life􀈱and􀈱interaction􀈱based􀈱on􀈱the
evolutionary􀈱model.
C) The􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱may􀈱not􀈱be􀈱found􀈱in􀈱conforming􀈱to􀈱rigid􀈱patterns􀈱of
development􀈱but􀈱rather􀈱in􀈱the􀈱creative􀈱assembling􀈱of􀈱interactions􀈱and􀈱interpretations􀈱that
enable􀈱us􀈱to􀈱negotiate􀈱our􀈱world.
D) The􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱may􀈱be􀈱found􀈱in􀈱the􀈱lived􀈱experience􀈱that􀈱exists􀈱within􀈱a
paradigm􀈱shaped􀈱by􀈱something􀈱greater􀈱than􀈱ourselves,􀈱with􀈱absolutes􀈱that􀈱do􀈱not􀈱cage
but􀈱set􀈱one􀈱free.
Answer: C
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Skill: Synthesis
6
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
35) The􀈱percentages􀈱of􀈱nonwhites􀈱and􀈱non-males􀈱within􀈱the􀈱field􀈱of􀈱sociology􀈱over􀈱the􀈱last􀈱50
years􀈱has􀈱seen􀈱what􀈱change?
A) A􀈱decrease
B) An􀈱increase
C) No􀈱change
D) A􀈱dramatic􀈱increase􀈱before􀈱1965􀈱and􀈱a􀈱recent􀈱decline􀈱since􀈱1995
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱33
Skill: Evaluation
1.2 Fill􀈱in􀈱the􀈱Blank
1) Sociology􀈱is􀈱the􀈱study􀈱of􀈱human􀈱behavior􀈱in􀈱􀈱________.
A) Society B) Sociometry C) Social􀈱work D) Socialism
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱5
Skill: Knowledge
2) ________􀈱􀈱is􀈱the􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱evolutionary􀈱progress,􀈱through􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱science.
A) Modernism B) Pre-modernism
C) Post-enlightenism D) Modualism
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱13
Skill: Knowledge
3) ________􀈱􀈱coined􀈱the􀈱term􀈱sociology.
A) Emile􀈱Durkheim B) Alexis􀈱de􀈱Tocqueville
C) Auguste􀈱Comte D) Karl􀈱Marx
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱13
Skill: Knowledge
4) Tocqueville􀈱discussed􀈱the􀈱United􀈱States􀈱as􀈱the􀈱embodiment􀈱of􀈱________.
A) Democracy B) Communism C) Socialism D) Capitalism
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱14
Skill: Comprehension
5) ________􀈱􀈱economic􀈱system􀈱was􀈱Karl􀈱Marx􀈇s􀈱central􀈱interest.
A) A􀈱Secularist B) A􀈱Capitalist C) A􀈱Communist D) An􀈱Egalitarian
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱15
Skill: Comprehension
7
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
6) Marx􀈱and􀈱Engels􀈱wrote􀈱________.
A) The􀈱Protestant􀈱Ethic􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Spirit􀈱of􀈱Capitalism
B) Democracy􀈱in􀈱America
C) The􀈱Communist􀈱Manifesto
D) Suicide
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱15
Skill: Knowledge
7) Too􀈱________􀈱regulation􀈱in􀈱society􀈱according􀈱to􀈱Durkheim􀈱leads􀈱to􀈱􀈈anomic􀈈􀈱suicide.
A) Much B) Little
C) Varied D) None􀈱of􀈱the􀈱above
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱16
Skill: Comprehension
8) Durkheim􀈱argued􀈱that􀈱society􀈱is􀈱held􀈱together􀈱by􀈱________.
A) Solidarity B) Supernatural􀈱being
C) Solitary D) Souls
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱17
Skill: Knowledge
9) Durkheim􀈇s􀈱two􀈱forms􀈱of􀈱solidarity􀈱are􀈱________􀈱􀈱and􀈱________.
A) Organic;􀈱Instrumental B) Mechanical;􀈱Solus
C) Mechanical;􀈱􀈱Organic D) Organic;􀈱Chemical
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱17
Skill: Knowledge
10) Weber􀈇s􀈱most􀈱famous􀈱work􀈱is􀈱The􀈱________􀈱Ethic􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Spirit􀈱of􀈱Capitalism.
A) Protestant B) Jewish C) Catholic D) Islamic
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱17
Skill: Comprehension
11) 􀈱Weber􀈱added􀈱the􀈱concepts􀈱of􀈱􀈈status􀈈􀈱and􀈱________􀈱to􀈱class.
A) 􀈈Position􀈈 B) 􀈈Populism􀈈 C) 􀈈Party􀈈 D) 􀈈Puritan􀈈
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱18
Skill: Knowledge
12) Simmel􀈱believed􀈱the􀈱special􀈱task􀈱of􀈱sociology􀈱was􀈱to􀈱study􀈱the􀈱________􀈱of􀈱social􀈱interaction
apart􀈱from􀈱their􀈱content.
A) Forms B) Proto-types C) Shades D) Filters
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱18
Skill: Comprehension
8
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
13) ________􀈱is􀈱a􀈱person􀈇s􀈱notion􀈱of􀈱the􀈱common􀈱values,􀈱norms,􀈱and􀈱expectations􀈱of􀈱other􀈱people
in􀈱a􀈱society.
A) The􀈱personalized􀈱other B) The􀈱generalized􀈱other
C) The􀈱nonspecific􀈱other D) The􀈱myopic􀈱other
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱20
Skill: Knowledge
14) ________􀈱wrote􀈱the􀈱book􀈱Woman􀈱in􀈱the􀈱Nineteenth􀈱Century.
A) Mary􀈱Wollstonecraft B) Mary􀈱Shelley
C) Jane􀈱Adams D) Margaret􀈱Fuller
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱21
Skill: Knowledge
15) ________􀈱examines􀈱how􀈱an􀈱individual􀈇s􀈱interactions􀈱with􀈱his􀈱or􀈱her􀈱environment--other
people,􀈱institutions,􀈱ideas--help􀈱a􀈱person􀈱develop􀈱a􀈱sense􀈱of􀈱􀈈self􀈈.
A) Functionalism B) Conflict
C) Feminism D) Symbolic􀈱Interactionism
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱23
Skill: Knowledge
16) ________􀈱functions􀈱are􀈱overt􀈱and􀈱obvious.
A) Manifest B) Latent C) Hidden D) Multiple
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱24
Skill: Knowledge
17) ________􀈱functions􀈱are􀈱hidden􀈱and􀈱unintended.
A) Manifest B) Latent C) Covert D) Multiple
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱24
Skill: Knowledge
18) The􀈱United􀈱States,􀈱according􀈱to􀈱a􀈱conflict􀈱theorist,􀈱is􀈱a􀈱society􀈱based􀈱on􀈱structural􀈱________.
A) Equality B) Equity C) Inequality D) Incongruence
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱25
Skill: Application
19) Nations􀈱that􀈱are􀈱interconnected􀈱through􀈱economic,􀈱political,􀈱cultural􀈱and􀈱social􀈱means
bringing􀈱together􀈱different􀈱groups􀈱of􀈱people􀈱all􀈱over􀈱the􀈱world􀈱are􀈱an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱________.
A) Universalism B) Populism C) Globalization D) Pluralism
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱26
Skill: Application
9
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
20) The􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱many􀈱different􀈱cultures􀈱is􀈱________.
A) Polyculturalism B) Monoculturalism
C) Multiculturalism D) Semiculturalism
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱26
Skill: Knowledge
21) Tim􀈇s􀈱research􀈱related􀈱to􀈱globalization􀈱focuses􀈱on􀈱________􀈱level􀈱analysis.
A) Macro B) Micro C) Mono D) Meso
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱26
Skill: Application
22) George􀈱Ritzer􀈱terms􀈱the􀈱increasing􀈱homogeneity􀈱around􀈱the􀈱world􀈱as􀈱________.
A) McDonaldization B) The􀈱Big􀈱Bell
C) Have􀈱it􀈱Your􀈱Way􀈱Syndrome D) Conform-a-Filet
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱29
Skill: Analysis
23) Benjamin􀈱Barber􀈱characterized􀈱our􀈱world􀈱as􀈱both􀈱􀈈McWorld􀈈􀈱and􀈱________.
A) 􀈈Crusade􀈈 B) 􀈈Jihad􀈈
C) 􀈈Armageddon􀈈 D) 􀈈Apocalypse􀈈
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱29
Skill: Comprehension
24) ________􀈱suggests􀈱that􀈱the􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱may􀈱not􀈱be􀈱found􀈱in􀈱conforming􀈱to􀈱rigid
patterns􀈱of􀈱development􀈱but􀈱rather􀈱in􀈱the􀈱creative􀈱assembling􀈱of􀈱interactions􀈱and
interpretations􀈱that􀈱enable􀈱us􀈱to􀈱negotiate􀈱our􀈱way􀈱in􀈱the􀈱world.
A) Premodernism B) Modernity
C) Meso-modernism D) Postmodernism
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱31
Skill: Knowledge
25) Sociology􀈱remains􀈱a􀈱deeply􀈱________􀈱enterprise􀈱when􀈱approaching􀈱how􀈱to􀈱improve􀈱the􀈱world.
A) 􀈈Modern􀈈 B) 􀈈Medieval􀈈
C) 􀈈Pre-modern􀈈 D) 􀈈Meso-modern􀈈
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱31
Skill: Comprehension
1.3 True􀈱and􀈱False
1) Sociologists􀈱tend􀈱to􀈱see􀈱the􀈱world􀈱around􀈱them􀈱as􀈱an􀈱􀈈either/or􀈈􀈱not􀈱as􀈱a􀈱􀈈both/and􀈈.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱5
Skill: Comprehension
10
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
2) Sociology􀈱is􀈱a􀈱social􀈱science.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱8
Skill: Knowledge
3) Sociology􀈱simply􀈱makes􀈱a􀈱science􀈱out􀈱of􀈱common􀈱sense.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱10
Skill: Knowledge
4) Comte􀈱believed􀈱sociology􀈱was􀈱a􀈱sort􀈱of􀈱􀈈secular􀈱religion􀈈,􀈱a􀈱religion􀈱of􀈱humanity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱14
Skill: Comprehension
5) According􀈱to􀈱Durkheim􀈱suicide􀈱is􀈱not􀈱an􀈱individual􀈱act.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱16
Skill: Comprehension
6) The􀈱classical􀈱canon􀈱of􀈱sociology􀈱consists􀈱entirely􀈱of􀈱white􀈱females.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱20
Skill: Comprehension
7) W.E.B.􀈱Dubois􀈱argued􀈱that􀈱􀈈the􀈱problem􀈱of􀈱the􀈱twentieth􀈱century􀈱was􀈱the􀈱problem􀈱of􀈱the􀈱color
line􀈈.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱21
Skill: Knowledge
8) Merton􀈇s􀈱theory􀈱holds􀈱that􀈱functions􀈱of􀈱an􀈱institution􀈱or􀈱interaction􀈱can􀈱be􀈱either􀈱􀈈manifest􀈈􀈱or
􀈈latent􀈈.
Answer: TRUE
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱24
Skill: Knowledge
9) In􀈱the􀈱conflict􀈱perspective􀈱the􀈱United􀈱States􀈱would􀈱be􀈱seen􀈱as􀈱a􀈱society􀈱based􀈱on􀈱structural
equality.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱25
Skill: Application
10) Globalization􀈱is􀈱noncontroversial􀈱because􀈱it􀈱has􀈱helped􀈱to􀈱eliminate􀈱the􀈱class􀈱disparity􀈱that
exists􀈱in􀈱the􀈱world.
Answer: FALSE
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱28
Skill: Analysis
11
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
1.4 Short􀈱Answer
1) What􀈱type􀈱of􀈱science􀈱is􀈱sociology􀈱and􀈱what􀈱does􀈱sociology􀈱study?
Answer: Sociology􀈱is􀈱a􀈱social􀈱science􀈱that􀈱studies􀈱human􀈱behavior􀈱in􀈱society.
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱4-5
Skill: Knowledge
2) What􀈱is􀈱modernism?
Answer: Modernism􀈱is􀈱the􀈱belief􀈱in􀈱evolutionary􀈱progress,􀈱through􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱science.
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱13
Skill: Knowledge
3) According􀈱to􀈱Emile􀈱Durkheim􀈇s􀈱work􀈱what􀈱are􀈱the􀈱types􀈱of􀈱suicide?
Answer: There􀈱are􀈱four􀈱forms􀈱of􀈱suicide:􀈱egoistic,􀈱anomic,􀈱fatalistic,􀈱altruistic.
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱16
Skill: Knowledge
4) According􀈱to􀈱Max􀈱Weber􀈱what􀈱does􀈱􀈈party􀈈􀈱refer􀈱to?
Answer: 􀈈Party􀈈􀈱refers􀈱to􀈱the􀈱voluntary􀈱organizations􀈱that􀈱people􀈱enter􀈱together􀈱to􀈱make􀈱their
voices􀈱heard􀈱collectively􀈱because􀈱individually􀈱they􀈱would􀈱not􀈱be􀈱able􀈱to􀈱affect􀈱real
change.􀈱(political􀈱power)
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱18
Skill: Knowledge
5) What􀈱is􀈱the􀈱􀈈generalized􀈱other􀈈?
Answer: The􀈱􀈈generalized􀈱other􀈈􀈱is􀈱a􀈱person􀈇s􀈱notion􀈱of􀈱the􀈱common􀈱values,􀈱norms,􀈱and
expectations􀈱of􀈱other􀈱people􀈱in􀈱a􀈱society.
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱20
Skill: Knowledge
6) What􀈱is􀈱the􀈱paradigm􀈱that􀈱functionalism􀈱offers?
Answer: The􀈱paradigm􀈱offered􀈱is􀈱a􀈱coherent􀈱model􀈱of􀈱how􀈱society􀈱works􀈱and􀈱how􀈱individuals
are􀈱socialized􀈱into􀈱their􀈱roles􀈱within􀈱it.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱23
Skill: Knowledge
7) What􀈱are􀈱manifest􀈱functions􀈱and􀈱latent􀈱functions?
Answer: Manifest􀈱functions􀈱are􀈱overt􀈱and􀈱obvious,􀈱the􀈱intended􀈱functions;􀈱while􀈱latent􀈱functions
are􀈱hidden,􀈱unintended,􀈱but􀈱nonetheless􀈱important.
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱24
Skill: Knowledge
8) What􀈱does􀈱conflict􀈱theory􀈱suggest?
Answer: Conflict􀈱theory􀈱suggests􀈱that􀈱the􀈱dynamics􀈱of􀈱society,􀈱both􀈱of􀈱social􀈱order􀈱and􀈱social
resistance,􀈱are􀈱the􀈱result􀈱of􀈱conflict􀈱between􀈱different􀈱groups.
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱25
Skill: Comprehension
12
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
9) What􀈱level􀈱of􀈱analysis􀈱􀈱is􀈱stressed􀈱in􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱multiculturalism?
Answer: Multiculturalism􀈱stresses􀈱both􀈱the􀈱macrolevel􀈱analysis􀈱of􀈱unequal􀈱distribution􀈱of
rewards􀈱based􀈱on􀈱class,􀈱race,􀈱region,􀈱gender􀈱and􀈱the􀈱microlevel􀈱analysis􀈱that􀈱focuses􀈱on
the􀈱ways􀈱different􀈱groups􀈱of􀈱people􀈱and􀈱even􀈱individuals􀈱construct􀈱their􀈱identities
based􀈱on􀈱their􀈱memberships􀈱in􀈱those􀈱groups.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱26
Skill: Application
10) What􀈱does􀈱postmodernism􀈱suggest􀈱about􀈱the􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life?
Answer: Postmodernism􀈱suggests􀈱that􀈱the􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱social􀈱life􀈱may􀈱not􀈱be􀈱found􀈱in􀈱conforming
to􀈱rigid􀈱patterns􀈱of􀈱development􀈱but􀈱rather􀈱in􀈱the􀈱creative􀈱assembling􀈱of􀈱interactions
and􀈱interpretations􀈱that􀈱enable􀈱us􀈱to􀈱negotiate􀈱our􀈱way􀈱in􀈱the􀈱world.
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱31
Skill: Comprehension
1.5 Essay
1) During􀈱the􀈱19th􀈱century􀈱after􀈱various􀈱revolutions--political,􀈱social􀈱and􀈱economic--had􀈱taken
place􀈱there􀈱was􀈱an􀈱emergence􀈱of􀈱chief􀈱sociological􀈱themes.􀈱􀈱Please􀈱describe􀈱these􀈱themes􀈱and
what􀈱questions􀈱they􀈱raised.
Answer: The􀈱chief􀈱sociological􀈱themes􀈱were:􀈱the􀈱nature􀈱of􀈱community,􀈱nature􀈱of􀈱government,􀈱the
nature􀈱of􀈱the􀈱economy,􀈱the􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱individualism,􀈱the􀈱rise􀈱of􀈱secularism,􀈱and􀈱the
nature􀈱and􀈱direction􀈱of􀈱change.􀈱􀈱The􀈱nature􀈱of􀈱community􀈱sought􀈱to􀈱understand􀈱what􀈱it
means􀈱to􀈱live􀈱in􀈱a􀈱society;􀈱􀈱the􀈱rights􀈱and􀈱obligations􀈱that􀈱we􀈱have􀈱to􀈱each􀈱other.􀈱􀈱The
nature􀈱of􀈱government􀈱discussed􀈱who􀈱should􀈱have􀈱power􀈱in􀈱a􀈱society.􀈱􀈱Should􀈱power
reside􀈱in􀈱a􀈱king􀈱who􀈱rules􀈱by􀈱divine􀈱right􀈱or􀈱by􀈱the􀈱people?􀈱􀈱The􀈱nature􀈱of􀈱the􀈱economy
discussed􀈱how􀈱economic􀈱distribution􀈱should􀈱be􀈱dealt􀈱with.􀈱􀈱It􀈱also􀈱raised􀈱the􀈱question􀈱of
what􀈱economic􀈱system􀈱society􀈱should􀈱have.􀈱􀈱The􀈱meaning􀈱of􀈱individualism􀈱dealt􀈱with
the􀈱rights􀈱an􀈱individual􀈱has􀈱toward􀈱himself/herself􀈱and􀈱toward􀈱others􀈱as􀈱well􀈱as􀈱how
society􀈱balances􀈱individual􀈱rights.􀈱􀈱The􀈱rise􀈱of􀈱secularism􀈱dealt􀈱with􀈱the􀈱increase􀈱in
scientific􀈱thought􀈱that􀈱sought􀈱to􀈱define􀈱the􀈱world􀈱solely􀈱through􀈱rationality􀈱versus􀈱ideas
that􀈱had􀈱previously􀈱sought􀈱to􀈱understand􀈱the􀈱world􀈱with􀈱God􀈱as􀈱well.􀈱The􀈱nature􀈱and
direction􀈱of􀈱change􀈱related􀈱to􀈱where􀈱we􀈱were􀈱heading􀈱as􀈱a􀈱world.􀈱With􀈱a􀈱great􀈱amount
of􀈱social􀈱change,􀈱it􀈱was􀈱not􀈱clear􀈱if􀈱it􀈱was􀈱good􀈱or􀈱bad.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱12-13
Skill: Comprehension
2) In􀈱Karl􀈱Marx􀈇s􀈱central􀈱work,􀈱Capital,􀈱what􀈱is􀈱the􀈱central􀈱insight􀈱Marx􀈱offers?􀈱􀈱Please􀈱describe
the􀈱theory􀈱of􀈱how􀈱capitalism􀈱works􀈱as􀈱a􀈱system􀈱in􀈱relation􀈱to􀈱Marx􀈇s􀈱insight.
Answer: The􀈱central􀈱insight􀈱was􀈱that􀈱the􀈱exchange􀈱of􀈱money􀈱and􀈱services􀈱between􀈱capital􀈱(those
who􀈱own􀈱the􀈱means􀈱of􀈱production)􀈱and􀈱labor􀈱(those􀈱who􀈱sell􀈱their􀈱􀈈labor􀈱power􀈈􀈱to
capitalists􀈱for􀈱wages)􀈱is􀈱unequal.􀈱􀈱Workers􀈱must􀈱work􀈱longer􀈱than􀈱necessary􀈱to􀈱pay􀈱for
the􀈱costs􀈱of􀈱their􀈱upkeep,􀈱producing􀈱what􀈱Marx􀈱called􀈱􀈈surplus􀈱value􀈈.􀈱􀈱Due􀈱to
competition,􀈱capitalists􀈱must􀈱try􀈱to􀈱increase􀈱the􀈱rate􀈱of􀈱surplus􀈱value.􀈱Capitalists􀈱do􀈱this
when􀈱human􀈱labor􀈱becomes􀈱replaced􀈱by􀈱machines,􀈱lowering􀈱wages,􀈱until􀈱workers
cannot􀈱afford􀈱the􀈱goods􀈱they􀈱are􀈱helping􀈱to􀈱create,􀈱and􀈱by􀈱centralizing􀈱their􀈱production
until􀈱the􀈱system􀈱reaches􀈱a􀈱crisis.
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱15
Skill: Comprehension
13
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
3) What􀈱was􀈱Robert􀈱K.􀈱􀈱Merton􀈇s􀈱theory􀈱on􀈱manifest􀈱and􀈱latent􀈱functions􀈱an􀈱extension􀈱of?􀈱􀈱What
are􀈱manifest􀈱and􀈱latent􀈱functions?􀈱Please􀈱give􀈱an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱these􀈱functions.
Answer: Merton􀈇s􀈱theory􀈱was􀈱an􀈱extension􀈱of􀈱Talcott􀈱Parsons􀈇􀈱theory􀈱of􀈱functionalism.􀈱􀈱Merton
argued􀈱that􀈱functions􀈱of􀈱any􀈱institution􀈱or􀈱interaction􀈱can􀈱be􀈱either􀈱􀈈manifest􀈈􀈱or
􀈈latent􀈈.􀈱􀈱Manifest􀈱functions􀈱are􀈱overt􀈱and􀈱obvious,􀈱the􀈱intended􀈱functions,􀈱while􀈱latent
functions􀈱are􀈱hidden,􀈱unintended,􀈱but􀈱still􀈱important.􀈱􀈱An􀈱example􀈱would􀈱be􀈱if􀈱a􀈱law􀈱is
passed.􀈱􀈱The􀈱manifest􀈱function􀈱is􀈱what􀈱the􀈱law􀈱intends,􀈱the􀈱latent􀈱function􀈱is􀈱a
consequence􀈱of􀈱the􀈱law􀈱that􀈱was􀈱not􀈱intended.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱24-25
Skill: Knowledge
4) How􀈱are􀈱globalization􀈱and􀈱multiculturalism􀈱interrelated􀈱forces?􀈱􀈱Define􀈱both􀈱terms,
globalization􀈱and􀈱multiculturalism,􀈱in􀈱your􀈱response.
Answer: Globalization􀈱is􀈱the􀈱interconnections--economic,􀈱political,􀈱cultural􀈱and􀈱social--among
different􀈱groups􀈱of􀈱people􀈱all􀈱over􀈱the􀈱world,􀈱the􀈱dynamic􀈱webs􀈱that􀈱connect􀈱us
together􀈱and􀈱the􀈱ways􀈱these􀈱connections􀈱also􀈱create􀈱cleavages􀈱among􀈱different􀈱groups
of􀈱people.􀈱􀈱Multiculturalism􀈱is􀈱literally􀈱the􀈱understanding􀈱of􀈱many􀈱different􀈱cultures.
We􀈱come􀈱to􀈱understand􀈱the􀈱very􀈱different􀈱ways􀈱that􀈱different􀈱groups􀈱of􀈱people
approach􀈱issues,􀈱construct􀈱identities,􀈱and􀈱create􀈱institutions􀈱that􀈱express􀈱their􀈱needs.
While􀈱we􀈱are􀈱drawing􀈱closer􀈱together􀈱as􀈱a􀈱world􀈱and􀈱becoming􀈱more􀈱similar,􀈱the
boundaries􀈱between􀈱groups􀈱are􀈱being􀈱drawn􀈱more􀈱sharply.􀈱􀈱This􀈱is􀈱evident􀈱in􀈱that,􀈱as
we􀈱learn􀈱more􀈱about􀈱the􀈱world􀈱and􀈱share􀈱more􀈱values,􀈱we􀈱also􀈱see􀈱a􀈱rise􀈱in􀈱traditional
roles,􀈱definitions􀈱of􀈱cultural􀈱identity,􀈱and􀈱exclusive􀈱behavior.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱26-29
Skill: Analysis
5) What􀈱is􀈱the􀈱relationship􀈱between􀈱classical􀈱sociological􀈱theorists􀈱and􀈱modernism?􀈱􀈱Is􀈱sociology
still􀈱a􀈱􀈈modern􀈈􀈱enterprise?􀈱􀈱Please􀈱explain􀈱why􀈱it􀈱is􀈱or􀈱is􀈱not􀈱still􀈱a􀈱􀈈modern􀈈􀈱enterprise.
Answer: In􀈱classical􀈱sociological􀈱theory,􀈱modernism􀈱was􀈱expressed􀈱as􀈱the􀈱passage􀈱from􀈱religious
to􀈱scientific􀈱forms􀈱of􀈱knowledge􀈱(Comte),􀈱from􀈱mechanical􀈱to􀈱organic􀈱forms􀈱of
solidarity􀈱(Durkheim),􀈱from􀈱feudal􀈱to􀈱capitalist􀈱to􀈱communist􀈱modes􀈱of􀈱production
(Marx),􀈱from􀈱traditional􀈱to􀈱legal􀈱forms􀈱of􀈱authority􀈱(Weber).􀈱􀈱Many􀈱of􀈱the􀈱founders􀈱of
sociology􀈱were􀈱deeply􀈱ambivalent􀈱about􀈱progress,􀈱and􀈱today􀈱we􀈱live􀈱in􀈱an􀈱age􀈱where
progress􀈱is􀈱being􀈱called􀈱into􀈱question.􀈱􀈱Yet,􀈱still􀈱sociology􀈱is􀈱a􀈱deeply􀈱􀈈modern􀈈
enterprise.􀈱􀈱Most􀈱sociologists􀈱believe􀈱that􀈱science􀈱and􀈱reason􀈱can􀈱solve􀈱human􀈱problems
and􀈱that􀈱people􀈇s􀈱lives􀈱can􀈱be􀈱improved􀈱by􀈱the􀈱application􀈱of􀈱these􀈱scientifically􀈱derived
principles􀈱even􀈱as􀈱there􀈱is􀈱a􀈱reexamination􀈱of􀈱the􀈱idea􀈱of􀈱progress.
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱30-31
Skill: Evaluation
1.6 Open􀈱Book
1) Looking􀈱at􀈱Table􀈱1.1􀈱􀈈Contrasting􀈱the􀈱􀈈Old􀈱Regime􀈈􀈱and􀈱the􀈱New􀈱Social􀈱Order􀈈􀈱what􀈱led􀈱to􀈱the
changes􀈱from􀈱the􀈱old􀈱regime􀈱to􀈱the􀈱new􀈱regime􀈱listed?
Answer: The􀈱changes􀈱were􀈱led􀈱by􀈱the􀈱Enlightenment,􀈱the􀈱American􀈱Revolution,􀈱the􀈱French
Revolution,􀈱and􀈱the􀈱Industrial􀈱Revolution.􀈱􀈱These􀈱caused􀈱changes􀈱in􀈱the􀈱political,􀈱social,
and􀈱economic􀈱life􀈱of􀈱the􀈱Western􀈱World.
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱13-Table􀈱1.1
Skill: Evaluation
14
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
2) According􀈱to􀈱Emile􀈱Durkheim􀈱in􀈱the􀈱􀈈How􀈱do􀈱we􀈱know􀈱what􀈱we􀈱know?:􀈱Suicide􀈱is􀈱Not􀈱an
Individual􀈱Act􀈈􀈱box,􀈱what􀈱social􀈱characteristics􀈱did􀈱suicide􀈱vary􀈱by?􀈱􀈱Explain􀈱what􀈱the
variation􀈱was.
Answer: Suicide􀈱varied􀈱by􀈱religion,􀈱age,􀈱marital􀈱status,􀈱gender,􀈱and􀈱employment.􀈱􀈱Religion
showed􀈱that􀈱Protestants􀈱committed􀈱suicide􀈱more􀈱often􀈱than􀈱Catholics􀈱and􀈱both􀈱of􀈱these
groups􀈱committed􀈱suicide􀈱more􀈱than􀈱Jews.􀈱􀈱Age􀈱showed􀈱that􀈱young􀈱and􀈱old􀈱people
commit􀈱more􀈱suicide􀈱than􀈱middle-aged􀈱people.􀈱􀈱Marital􀈱status􀈱demonstrated􀈱that􀈱single
people􀈱commit􀈱more􀈱suicide􀈱than􀈱married􀈱people.􀈱􀈱Gender􀈱indicated􀈱that􀈱men􀈱commit
suicide􀈱more􀈱than􀈱women.􀈱􀈱Finally,􀈱employment􀈱showed􀈱that􀈱those􀈱people􀈱who􀈱were
unemployed􀈱had􀈱higher􀈱rates􀈱of􀈱suicide􀈱than􀈱those􀈱who􀈱were􀈱employed.
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱16
Skill: Analysis
3) What􀈱does􀈱Table􀈱1.2􀈱􀈈Major􀈱Sociological􀈱Schools􀈱of􀈱Thought,􀈱1950-2000􀈈􀈱offer􀈱us􀈱about􀈱the
difference􀈱in􀈱level􀈱of􀈱analysis􀈱between􀈱the􀈱three􀈱main􀈱theories􀈱listed?
Answer: Both􀈱structural􀈱functionalism􀈱and􀈱the􀈱conflict􀈱theory􀈱have􀈱a􀈱macro􀈱level􀈱of􀈱analysis,
while􀈱symbolic􀈱interactionism􀈱has􀈱a􀈱micro􀈱level􀈱of􀈱analysis.
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱27-Table􀈱1.2
Skill: Knowledge
15
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
Chapter􀈱2 Culture􀈱and􀈱Society
2.1 Multiple􀈱Choice
1) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱culture?
A) Culture􀈱refers􀈱to􀈱the􀈱sets􀈱of􀈱values􀈱and􀈱ideals􀈱that􀈱we􀈱understand􀈱to􀈱define􀈱morality,
good􀈱and􀈱evil,􀈱appropriate􀈱and􀈱inappropriate.
B) Culture􀈱refers􀈱to􀈱the􀈱sets􀈱of􀈱doctrinal􀈱beliefs􀈱that􀈱we􀈱comprehend􀈱through􀈱the􀈱lens􀈱of
individual􀈱conscience.
C) Culture􀈱refers􀈱to􀈱the􀈱sets􀈱of􀈱values􀈱and􀈱norms􀈱that􀈱we􀈱rebel􀈱against􀈱when􀈱we􀈱do􀈱not
believe􀈱in􀈱morality􀈱but􀈱accept􀈱a􀈱false􀈱reality.
D) Culture􀈱refers􀈱to􀈱the􀈱sets􀈱of􀈱values􀈱and􀈱ideals􀈱that􀈱we􀈱do􀈱not􀈱believe􀈱define􀈱morality,
good􀈱and􀈱evil,􀈱appropriate􀈱and􀈱inappropriate.
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱38
Skill: Knowledge
2) Culture􀈱that􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱things􀈱people􀈱make􀈱and􀈱the􀈱things􀈱people􀈱use􀈱to􀈱make􀈱them􀈱is􀈱known
as?
A) Nonmaterial B) Material C) Popular D) Universal
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱38-39
Skill: Knowledge
3) Which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱is􀈱NOT an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱material􀈱culture?
A) Desk B) Clothing C) Freedom D) Car
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱38-39
Skill: Application
4) Culture􀈱that􀈱consists􀈱of􀈱the􀈱ideas􀈱and􀈱beliefs􀈱that􀈱people􀈱develop􀈱about􀈱their􀈱lives􀈱and􀈱their
world􀈱is􀈱known􀈱as?
A) Nonmaterial B) Material C) Popular D) Universal
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱39
Skill: Knowledge
5) Which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱is􀈱an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱nonmaterial􀈱culture?
A) American􀈱flag B) Minivan
C) School􀈱building D) Democracy
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱39
Skill: Application
16
6) The􀈱vast􀈱differences􀈱that􀈱can􀈱exist􀈱between􀈱the􀈱world􀈇s􀈱many􀈱cultures􀈱are􀈱representative􀈱of
what􀈱concept?
A) Cultural􀈱conformity B) Cultural􀈱pluralism
C) Cultural􀈱diversity D) Cultural􀈱shock
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱39
Skill: Comprehension
7) Charles􀈱is􀈱an􀈱American􀈱who􀈱moved􀈱to􀈱China.􀈱􀈱Charles􀈱felt􀈱disorientation􀈱and􀈱uncertainty􀈱of
what􀈱was􀈱culturally􀈱expected􀈱when􀈱he􀈱moved.􀈱􀈱What􀈱did􀈱Charles􀈱experience?
A) Cultural􀈱materialism B) Cultural􀈱shock
C) Cultural􀈱disconnect D) Cultural􀈱absorbency
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱39
Skill: Application
8) Enthnocentrism􀈱is􀈱based􀈱in􀈱what􀈱belief?
A) A􀈱belief􀈱that􀈱one􀈇s􀈱culture􀈱is􀈱superior􀈱to􀈱others.
B) A􀈱belief􀈱that􀈱one􀈇s􀈱culture􀈱is􀈱equal􀈱to􀈱others.
C) A􀈱belief􀈱that􀈱one􀈇s􀈱culture􀈱is􀈱inferior􀈱to􀈱others.
D) A􀈱belief􀈱that􀈱there􀈱are􀈱no􀈱cultural􀈱differences.
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱39-40
Skill: Knowledge
9) Which􀈱concept􀈱holds􀈱the􀈱position􀈱that􀈱all􀈱cultures􀈱are􀈱equally􀈱valid􀈱in􀈱the􀈱experience􀈱of􀈱their
own􀈱members?
A) Cultural􀈱shock B) Cultural􀈱materialism
C) Cultural􀈱relativism D) Cultural􀈱diversity
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱40
Skill: Knowledge
10) What􀈱is􀈱a􀈱group􀈱of􀈱people􀈱within􀈱a􀈱culture􀈱who􀈱share􀈱some􀈱distinguishing􀈱characteristic,
belief,􀈱value,􀈱or􀈱attribute􀈱that􀈱sets􀈱them􀈱apart􀈱from􀈱the􀈱dominant􀈱culture􀈱called?
A) Minor􀈱culture B) Subculture
C) Middle􀈱culture D) Hidden􀈱culture
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱1 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱40
Skill: Analysis
11) Eileen􀈱bases􀈱her􀈱beliefs􀈱about􀈱members􀈱of􀈱other􀈱groups􀈱on􀈱stereotypes.􀈱􀈱Sociologically,􀈱what􀈱is
this􀈱belief􀈱that􀈱Eileen􀈱has􀈱about􀈱other􀈱groups􀈱called?
A) Prejudice B) Egalitarianism C) Myopy D) Tolerance
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱40-41
Skill: Application
17
CHAPTER 2 CULTURE AND SOCIETY
12) What􀈱makes􀈱a􀈱counterculture􀈱different􀈱than􀈱a􀈱subculture?
A) It􀈱is􀈱not􀈱different􀈱from􀈱a􀈱subculture.
B) It􀈱is􀈱more􀈱likely􀈱to􀈱support􀈱drug􀈱use.
C) It􀈱has􀈱a􀈱semi-acceptance􀈱of􀈱the􀈱dominant􀈱culture.
D) It􀈱identifies􀈱itself􀈱with􀈱being􀈱different􀈱and􀈱in􀈱opposition􀈱to􀈱the􀈱dominant􀈱culture.
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱41
Skill: Comprehension
13) Which􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱is􀈱an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱a􀈱counterculture?
A) White􀈱Supremacist􀈱Survivalists B) Weight􀈱Watchers
C) Knights􀈱of􀈱Columbus D) Free􀈱Masons
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱41
Skill: Application
14) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱a􀈱symbol?
A) Symbols􀈱are􀈱values􀈱that􀈱remain􀈱abstract.
B) Symbols􀈱do􀈱not􀈱change􀈱meaning􀈱from􀈱culture􀈱to􀈱culture.
C) Symbols􀈱are􀈱representations􀈱of􀈱ideas􀈱or􀈱feelings.
D) Symbols􀈱are􀈱universally􀈱shared.
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱42
Skill: Knowledge
15) All􀈱of􀈱the􀈱following􀈱are􀈱true􀈱about􀈱symbols􀈱EXCEPT ?
A) Symbols􀈇􀈱meanings􀈱can􀈱change􀈱over􀈱time.
B) Symbols􀈱can􀈱be􀈱created􀈱at􀈱any􀈱time.
C) Symbols􀈱do􀈱not􀈱represent􀈱feelings􀈱or􀈱ideas.
D) Symbols􀈱are􀈱not􀈱always􀈱universally􀈱shared.
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱42
Skill: Comprehension
16) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱language?
A) Language􀈱is􀈱an􀈱organized􀈱set􀈱of􀈱symbols􀈱by􀈱which􀈱people􀈱are􀈱able􀈱to􀈱think􀈱and
communicate􀈱with􀈱others.
B) Language􀈱does􀈱not􀈱shape􀈱perception􀈱of􀈱reality.
C) Language􀈱merely􀈱reflects􀈱the􀈱world􀈱as􀈱we􀈱know􀈱it.
D) Language􀈱does􀈱not􀈱involve􀈱interaction,􀈱it􀈱only􀈱involves􀈱words.
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱43
Skill: Knowledge
17) Which􀈱hypothesis􀈱proposes􀈱that􀈱language􀈱shapes􀈱our􀈱perceptions?
A) Smith-Klein B) Sapir-Whorf
C) Ratzinger-Maida D) Pullum-Marx
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱43
Skill: Synthesis
18
TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS
18) What􀈱are􀈱the􀈱processes􀈱by􀈱which􀈱members􀈱of􀈱a􀈱culture􀈱engage􀈱in􀈱a􀈱routine􀈱behavior􀈱to􀈱express
their􀈱sense􀈱of􀈱belonging􀈱to􀈱the􀈱culture􀈱known􀈱as?
A) Taboos B) Virtues C) Rituals D) Vices
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱44
Skill: Knowledge
19) Amy􀈱leads􀈱her􀈱high􀈱school􀈱class􀈱in􀈱the􀈱Pledge􀈱of􀈱Allegiance􀈱every􀈱morning.􀈱􀈱Amy􀈇s􀈱actions􀈱are
an􀈱example􀈱of􀈱what􀈱concept?
A) Ritual B) Taboo C) Law D) Virtue
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱44-45
Skill: Application
20) What􀈱are􀈱rules􀈱of􀈱a􀈱culture􀈱that􀈱define􀈱how􀈱people􀈱should􀈱act􀈱and􀈱the􀈱consequences􀈱of􀈱failure
to􀈱act􀈱in􀈱the􀈱specified􀈱ways􀈱called?
A) Rituals B) Taboos C) Norms D) Linguistics
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱45
Skill: Knowledge
21) Weak􀈱and􀈱informal􀈱norms􀈱are􀈱called?
A) Folkways B) Laws C) Taboos D) Values
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱46
Skill: Knowledge
22) Which􀈱is􀈱NOT􀈱true􀈱about􀈱mores?
A) They􀈱are􀈱strong􀈱norms􀈱that􀈱are􀈱informally􀈱enforced.
B) They􀈱are􀈱weak􀈱norms􀈱that􀈱are􀈱informally􀈱enforced.
C) They􀈱are􀈱perceived􀈱as􀈱more􀈱than􀈱simple􀈱violations􀈱of􀈱etiquette.
D) They􀈱are􀈱moral􀈱attitudes􀈱that􀈱are􀈱seen􀈱as􀈱a􀈱serious􀈱even􀈱if􀈱there􀈱are􀈱no􀈱actual􀈱laws􀈱that
prohibit􀈱them.
Answer: B
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱47
Skill: Comprehension
23) When􀈱norms􀈱have􀈱been􀈱organized􀈱and􀈱written􀈱down􀈱they􀈱are􀈱called􀈱what?
A) Taboos B) Folkways C) Mores D) Laws
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱47
Skill: Knowledge
24) Which􀈱best􀈱describes􀈱values?
A) Ethical􀈱foundations􀈱of􀈱a􀈱culture,􀈱ideas􀈱about􀈱right􀈱and􀈱wrong,􀈱􀈱good􀈱and􀈱bad.
B) Stronger􀈱norms􀈱that􀈱are􀈱informally􀈱enforced.
C) Norms􀈱that􀈱have􀈱been􀈱organized􀈱and􀈱written􀈱down.
D) Relatively􀈱weak􀈱and􀈱informal􀈱norms􀈱that􀈱are􀈱the􀈱result􀈱of􀈱patterns􀈱of􀈱action.
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱47
Skill: Knowledge
19
CHAPTER 2 CULTURE AND SOCIETY
25) According􀈱to􀈱the􀈱text,􀈱what􀈱was􀈱NOT an􀈱American􀈱value􀈱identified􀈱by􀈱sociologist􀈱Robin
Williams􀈱Jr.?
A) Progress B) Individualism
C) Racism􀈱and􀈱group􀈱superiority D) Altruism
Answer: D
Diff:􀈱4 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱49
Skill: Comprehension
26) Rituals,􀈱customs,􀈱symbols􀈱that􀈱are􀈱evident􀈱in􀈱all􀈱societies􀈱are􀈱known􀈱as?
A) Cultural􀈱relativism B) Cultural􀈱pluralism
C) Cultural􀈱universals D) Cultural􀈱particularism
Answer: C
Diff:􀈱2 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱52
Skill: Knowledge
27) Culture􀈱that􀈱is􀈱associated􀈱with􀈱more􀈱affluent􀈱and􀈱largely􀈱White􀈱groups􀈱may􀈱be􀈱referred􀈱to􀈱as
what􀈱form􀈱of􀈱culture?
A) High B) Low C) Popular D) Universal
Answer: A
Diff:􀈱3 Page􀈱Ref:􀈱53
Skill: Comprehension
28) Popular􀈱culture􀈱is􀈱often􀈱associated􀈱with􀈱what�