TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 4TH EDITION DANIEL SCHATER (2016)

Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
I. Psychology is the scientific study of:
A) mind and body.
B) mind and behaviour.
C) mood and behaviour.
D) mood and body.
2. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. Behaviour refers to:
A) perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings.
B) explanations.
C) urges.
D) observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals.
3. Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:
A) arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain.
B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain.
C) are not proper subject matter for science research.
D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world.
4. Today, most psychologists would agree with which statement concerning mental
processes?
A) The scientific method cannot be applied to mental processes.
B) Mental processes are nonphysical entities that control the brain and body.
C) Mental processes arise from brain functioning.
D) Mental processes are the only subject matter worthy of study in psychology.
5. Using __ , Krings et al. (2000) demonstrated that the brains of professional piano
players were __ active than novice players when both groups made finger
movements like those involved in piano play.
A) fMRl; more
B) tMRl; less
C) CT scans; more
D) CT scans; less
6. The case of Elliot, as documented by Damasio ( 1994), suggests that:
A) cognitive functioning can be severely impaired while emotion remains unaffected.
B) emotions usually interfere with adaptive behaviour.
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Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) even negative emotions such as anxiety and sorrow have adaptive functions.
D) emotion and intelligence share a common neural substrate.
7. William James (1890) believed that the influence of _ could help explain
absentmindedness.
A) habit
B) sleep deprivation
C) emotions
D) personality
8. Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and
mistakes in behaviour and cognition?
A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning.
B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behaviour.
C) They provide a window into the sexual urges of the unconscious.
D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological functioning is not adaptive.
9. The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:
A) anatomy.
B) logic.
C) dualism.
D) philosophy.
IO. Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn,
a theory known as:
A) functionalism.
B) nativism.
C) philosophical empiricism.
D) structuralism.
11. Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or
inborn?
A) Hippocrates
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Descartes
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Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
12. The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the
effect of on behaviour.
A) nurture
B) intuition
C) schemas
D) nature
13. Plato is to as Aristotle is to
A) philosophical structuralism; nativism
B) nativism; philosophical empiricism
C) nativism; dualism
D) dualism; nativism
14. Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:
A) experience.
B) adaptation.
C) behaviourism.
D) phrenology.
15. Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience,
an idea now known as:
A) functionalism.
B) philosophical empiricism.
C) structuralism.
D) nativism.
16. The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:
A) Plato.
B) Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Gall.
17. The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language
without formal training is most consistent. with:
A) Plato's nativism.
B) Gall's phrenology.
C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism.
D) Locke's tabula rasa.
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Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
l8. The major limitation of the works of the classical Greek philosophers to an
understanding of human behaviour is that:
A) much of these works remains lost to history.
B) differences among translations have fueled misunderstanding and debate.
C) the works tended to underestimate the role of nurture in shaping human behaviour.
D) these philosophers did not develop ways to test their theories.
l9. __ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the
pineal gland.
A) Gall.
B) Hobbes.
C) Descartes.
D) Aristotle.
20. Descartes believed that the mind influences the body through the:
A) pituitary gland.
B) hippocampus.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) pineal gland.
21. A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from
each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to
those of:
A) Gall.
B) Descartes.
C) Hobbes.
D) Broca.
22. The modem view that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain
activity can be traced to which philosopher?
A) Hobbes
B) Plato
C) Descartes
D) James
23. The problem of dualism refers to how:
A) different areas in the brain control different types of behaviour and cognition.
B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behaviour.
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Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) brain activity produces consciousness.
D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behaviour.
24. Phrenology suggested that specific mental abilities and characteristics were located in
specific regions of the brain. It was developed by:
A) Descartes.
B) Flourens.
C) Gall.
D) Broca.
25. Dr. Quack touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific
character traits for the patient, for example, "This patient is cautious." Dr. Quack is
engaging in:
A) structuralism.
B) phrenology.
C) mesmensm.
D) psychoanalysis.
26. After suffering a stroke, Lisa was able to understand what people said to her but was
unable to speak to them. The stroke probably damaged her:
A) pineal gland.
B) Broca's area.
C) hippocampus.
D) temporal lobe.
27. The research ofFlourens and Broca:
A) established phrenology as a true science.
B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal
gland.
C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes.
D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity.
28. The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:
A) psychology.
B) anatomy.
C) phrenology.
D) physiology.
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Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
29. Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to remove her finger
from the flame of a lighted match. Penny is studying what type of process?
A) classical conditioning
B) introspection
C) reaction time
D) stimulus time
30. Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:
A) debunking phrenology.
B) opening the fost laboratory to conduct