TEST BANK FOR Energy Management 8th Edition International Version By Klaus Dieter E. Pawlik

Problem: For your university or organization, list some energy management
projects that might be good “first ones,” or early
selections.
Solution: Early projects should have a rapid payback, a high probability
of success, and few negative consequences (increasing/
decreasing the air-conditioning/heat, or reducing
lighting levels).
Examples:
Switching to a more efficient light source (especially
in conditioned areas where one not only saves with
the reduced power consumption of the lamps but also
from reduced refrigeration or air-conditioning load).
Repairing steam leaks. Small steam leaks become large
leaks over time.
Insulating hot fluid pipes and tanks.
Install high efficiency motors.
And many more
2 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management, International Version
Problem: Again for your university or organization, assume you are
starting a program and are defining goals. What are some
potential first-year goals?
Solution: Goals should be tough but achievable, measurable, and
specific.
Examples:
Total energy per unit of production will drop by 10
percent for the first six months and an additional 5
percent the second half of the year.
Within 2 years all energy consumers of 5 million kilojoules
per hour (kJ/h) or larger will be separately
metered for monitoring purposes.
Each plant in the division will have an active energy
management program by the end of the first year.
All plants will have contingency plans for gas curtailments
of varying duration by the end of the first
year.
All boilers of 25,000 kg/h or larger will be examined
for waste heat recovery potential the first year.
Introduction to Energy Management 3
Problem: If you were a member of the upper level management in
charge of implementing an energy management program
at your university or organization, what actions would you
take to reward participating individuals and to reinforce
commitment to energy management?
Solution: The following actions should be taken to reward individuals
and reinforce commitment to energy management:
Develop goals and a way of tracking their progress.
Develop an energy accounting system with a performance
measure such as kJ/m2 or kJ/unit.
Assign energy costs to a cost center, profit center, an
investment center or some other department that has
an individual responsibility for cost or profit.
Reward (with a monetary bonus) all employees who
control cost or profit relative to the level of cost or
profit. At the risk of being repetitive, note that the level
of cost or profit should include energy costs.
4 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management, International Version
Problem: Perform the following energy conversions and calculations:
a) A spherical balloon with a diameter of three meters is
filled with natural gas. How much energy is contained
in that quantity of natural gas?
b) How many Joules are in 550 cubic metres of natural
gas? How many GJ in 2,000 litres of #2 fuel oil?
c) An oil tanker is carrying 3,000 litres of #2 fuel oil. If
each litre of fuel oil will generate 3.3 kWh of electric
energy in a power plant, how many kWh can be generated
from the oil in the tanker?
d) How much hard coal is required at a power plant with
a heat rate of 10 MJ/kWh to run a 6 kW electric resistance
heater constantly for 1 week (168 hours)? (One
tonne of hard coal conttains 25 GJ of heat.)
e) A large city has a population which is served by a
single electric utility which burns hard coal to generate
electrical energy. If there are 500,000 utility customers
using an average of 12,000 kWh per year, how many
tonnes of coal must be burned in the power plants if
the heat rate is 10.5 MJ/kWh? (One tonne of hard coal
contains 25 GJ of heat.)
f) Consider an electric heater with a 4,500 watt heating
element. Assuming that the water heater is 98% efficient,
how long will it take to heat 200 litres of water
from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C?
Introduction