BIO133_Exam_2_Chapter_7_11_Week_8.docx

BIO133 Exam #2 Chapters 7-11 Week #8 taken 25 September 2020 87.08%

Part 1 of 1 -    87.08/ 100.0 Points

Question 1 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

Damaged DNA can potentially be repaired during which checkpoint. Select all that apply.

A. G1  

B. S     

C. G2  

D. G0

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Question 2 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

Teeth can have a biofilm formed on the surface. Cell signaling will

    A. cause uncontrolled cell division

    B. cause increase saliva production

    C. cause apoptosis

    D. increase cell quantity

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Question 3 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

Which describes the relationship between gametes and spores?

    A. gametes can fuse to become a zygote, but spores can develop into organisms without forming a zygote

    B. gametes, not spores, can only contribute to genetic diversity in populations

    C. gametes are always haploid and spores are always diploid

    D. gametes come directly from sporophytes to develop into gametophytes

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Question 4 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

If a sperm contains 12 chromosomes, it came from an organism that had

    A. 6 chromosomes

    B. 12 chromosomes

    C. 24 chromosomes

    D. 36 chromosomes

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Question 6 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

In the Calvin Cycle, carbon from carbon dioxide is fixed to what molecule first?

    A. glucose

    B. pyruvate

    C. 3-PGA

    D. G3P

    E. RuBP

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Question 7 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

Light-dependent reactions build NADPH and oxygen by ________________ .

    A. oxidation

    B. reduction

    C. oxidation and reduction

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Question 8 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

To efficiently provide the ideal amount of nitrogen fertilizer, some farmers make use of a “chlorophyll meter” that measures the amount of green light reflected off a leaf.

Why does this provide an indication of whether the plant may need more or less nitrogen?

    A. Nitrogen ions form the electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane that drives ATP synthesis.

    B. Beta-carotene is composed largely of nitrogen atoms, and has a similar absorption to chlorophyll.

    C. Nitrogen gas is green, and photosynthesis uses N2 to run the Calvin cycle.

    D. Each chlorophyll molecule contains four nitrogen atoms that surround the Mg2+ ion, and these account for most of the nitrogen in a leaf.

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Question 9 of 40        2.5/ 2.5 Points

What is not a good biological oxidizing agent?

    A. Fe³⁺

    B. O₂

    C. NAD+

    D. FAD

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Question 10 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

When has glucose been broken down from its original 6 carbon molecule to 2 carbon dioxides in the citric acid cycle?

    A. oxidation of pyruvate

    B. CoA is bound to sulfhydryl group

    C. when isocitrate is oxidized to α-Ketoglutarate

    D. when α-Ketoglutarate is oxidized to Succinyl CoA

    E. condensation of acetyle-CoA with oxaloacetate

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Question 11 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

The majority of the energy remains in what glycolytic final product?

    A. NADH

    B. ATP

    C. pyruvate

    D. glyceraldhyde 3-phosphate

    E. phosphoenolpyruvate

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Question 13 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

________ are ligands, which promote cell growth.

    A. Apoptosis

    B. Inhibitors

    C. Growth factors

    D. Autoinducers

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Question 15 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

In which type of human cell(s) would 46 chromosomes be located? Select all that apply.

A. diploid       

B. egg 

C. somatic      

D. gamete      

E. sperm        

F. haploid

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Question 16 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

P700 first transfers an electron through chlorophyll and a bound

    A. quinone

    B. ferredoxin

    C. 2Fe-2S

    D. plastocyanin

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Question 18 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

________ is the substrate for adenylyl cylcase.

    A. cAMP

    B. GTP

    C. ADP

    D. GDP

    E. ATP

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Question 19 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

In the quest to understand the basis of infertility in humans, researchers have identified a mutation in a gene associated with chiasmata. This protein normally acts to promote homologous recombination.

Why might a defect in homologous recombination have consequences for fertility?

    A. Crossover formation is a necessary step in meiosis I to ensure proper chromosome segregation.

    B. Chiasmata are the connections between the centromeres and the centrosomes that pull them to each pole of the daughter cells.

    C. The chiasma checkpoint halts the whole process of meiosis if crossovers do not form properly.

    D. A checkpoint requires a certain level of genetic variability for meiosis to proceed.

Feedback: Correct! Crossing over produces chiasmata that help hold homologous chromosomes together until their separation in anaphase I. Missing chiasmata can lead to mis-segregation of chromosomes and aneuploidy – which results in many non-viable gametes.

Question 20 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

Charles Darwin was plagued by a mysterious chronic disease. It had a variety of symptoms including nausea, fatigue, and neurological problems that sometimes incapacitated him for weeks. His voyage on the Beagle is even more remarkable considering the misery of his “seasickness” during the trip.

Based on his symptoms and those of family members, it is thought that Darwin may have suffered from a defect in mitochondrial DNA. What is the likely consequence of such a defect?

    A. failure to replicate DNA in reproductive tissues

    B. elevated ATP production in critical body organs

    C. reduced ATP production throughout the body

    D. low pyruvate production due to failure of glycolysis

    E. vitamin B overdose

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Question 21 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

When the p53 gene is damaged, which event may happen?

    A. Cells can divide uncontrollobly

    B. Cells will fix the DNA pass the G1 checkpoint

    C. Cells will pass the G2 checkpoint

    D. Cells will always undergo apoptosis

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Question 22 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

____________ membranes can be found in a chloroplasts.

    A. 1

    B. 2

    C. 3

    D. 4

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Question 23 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

What determines the maximum theoretical yield of ATP during glucose catabolism?

    A. How the NADH made during glycolysis enter the mitochondria

    B. How the FADH2 made during glycolysis enter the mitochondria

    C. NADH oxidizing at complex I or complex II

    D. FADH2 oxidizing at complex I or complex II

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Question 24 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

A newly-discovered butterfly species has a chromosome number of n=7. Match the total number of chromosomes in each type of cell.

A. 7

B. 14

1. Zygote = B. 14

2. Daughter cell after telophase II = A. 7

Feedback: Correct:

The gamete is haploid (7), the zygote is the diploid embryo (14), somatic cells are diploid (14) and after telophase II the daughter cells are haploid (7).

Question 25 of 40     2.5/ 2.5 Points

A human fertilized egg contains one chromosome with HbS, the allele for sickle cell disease, and a homologous chromosome with Hbs, the wildtype allele. It also contains an X and Y chromosome. At what point will meiosis occur to create cells that are either HbS or Hbs ?

    A. Within the hour, as fertilization proceeds.

    B. Within the week, as embryonic development proceeds.

    C. Years later, when gametogenesis proceeds.

    D. Decades later, in the grandchildren of this individual.

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