ATI TEAS 6 EXAM STUDY GUIDE. All the Points you need to know for The ATI TEAS EXAM: SCIENCE .

Cell  Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes (phospholipids).  Nuclear parts of a cell o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regula tes DNA of the cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits between generations.  Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends facing each other.  Animal Cell Structure o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here  Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells  IPMAT=Cytokinesis Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form Tissues  Categories of Tissues o Epithelial: Cells are tightly joined. Ex. Skin Organs  Mammals 11 organ systems 1) Integumentary system  Three Primary Body Planes o Transverse (horizontal): Superior and inferior Respiratory System  Upper respiratory system: Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx and larynx.  Functions of the Respiratory System o Function: Supply oxygen and rid the body carbon dioxide. Exchange of gases occurs in alveoli, surrounded by blood capillaries. Cardiovascular System  Responsible for the internal transport of substances to and from cells. o Made up of the following  Heart o Made of cardiac muscle tissue. o Four chambers two atriums & two ventricles Types of circulation  Coronary circulation: Flow of blood to the heart tissue. o Coronary arteries: Delivers oxygen-rich blood to myocardium Lymphatic System  Function: The lymphatic system is to return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream. Spleen  Located in the upper left of the abdomen, & behind the stomach/ below the diaphragm. Mouth and Stomach  Digestion begins in the mouth (chewing & mixing of nutrient with saliva)  Liver o Largest solid organ & gland. Has 4 lobes. Blood flows through sinusoids.  Small intestine o Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.  Pancreas o Made up of endocrine and exocrine tissues.  Nervous System o Human nervous system senses, interprets, & issues commands o Action potential: messages sent across the plasma membrane of neurons. Central Nervous System  Spinal cord: Protects & supports the vertebrae. o Somatic Nervous System: Voluntary movement of muscles & organs, reflex movement. Voluntary movement, sensory neurons carry impulses to brain & spinal cord.Muscular System  Three properties of muscles: o Excitability: Electric gradient can reverse when stimulated.  Female Reproductive System o Function: Produce ova (egg cells), transfer ova to the fallopian tubes for fertilization, receive the sperm. Provide a protective, nourishing, environment for developing embryo.  Consists of the skin: Sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, nails.  Function: Protection, Secretion, & communication. o Protects against bacteria, viruses, & various chemicals from entering the body. Thyroid & Parathyroid glands  Thyroid & parathyroid are located below larynx  Thyroid gland: regulates metabolism & secretes hormones Immune System  Protects body against invading pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, & protists. Macromolecules  4 basic organic macromolecules: carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids, proteins, & lipids. Proteins  Proteins are macromolecules from amino acids o Peptides result of condensation reactions Show Less