Snow avalanches can be a real problem for travelers in the western United States

Snow avalanches can be a real problem for travelers in the western United States and Canada. A very common type of avalanche is called the slab avalanche. These have been studied extensively by David McClung, a professor of civil engineering at the University of British Columbia. Suppose slab avalanches studied in a region of Canada had an average thickness of μ = 68 cm. The ski patrol at Vail, Colorado, is studying slab avalanches in its region. A random sample of avalanches in spring gave the following thicknesses (in cm).

59  51  76  38  65  54  49  62

68  55  64  67  63  74  65  79

(i) Use a calculator with sample mean and standard deviation keys to find x and s. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

x=cm

s=cm

(ii) Assume the slab thickness has an approximately normal distribution. Use a 1% level of significance to test the claim that the mean slab thickness in the Vail region is different from that in the region of Canada.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: μ < 68; H₁: μ = 68H₀: μ = 68; H₁: μ ≠ 68    H₀: μ ≠ 68; H₁: μ = 68H₀: μ = 68; H₁: μ > 68H₀: μ = 68; H₁: μ < 68

(b) What sampling distribution will you use? Explain the rationale for your choice of sampling distribution.

The Student's t, since we assume that x has a normal distribution and σ is unknown.

The Student's t, since we assume that x has a normal distribution and σ is known.    

The standard normal, since we assume that x has a normal distribution and σ is unknown.

The standard normal, since we assume that x has a normal distribution and σ is known.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


(c) Estimate the P-value.

P-value > 0.2500.100 < P-value < 0.250    0.050 < P-value < 0.1000.010 < P-value < 0.050P-value < 0.010

Sketch the sampling distribution and show the area corresponding to the P-value.

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Are the data statistically significant at level α?

At the α = 0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant

.At the α = 0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.    

At the α = 0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant.

At the α = 0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

There is sufficient evidence at the 0.01 level to conclude that the mean slab thickness in the Vail region is different from that in the region of Canada.

There is insufficient evidence at the 0.01 level to conclude that the mean slab thickness in the Vail region is different from that in the region of Canada.