BIO250 Midterm Exam (A+++++ Answer)

Question 1

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on

Select one:

a. Determining evolutionary relatedness

b. Bioremediation

c. Recombinant DNA

d. Nomenclature

e. Determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

Question 2

Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the specimen?

Select one:

a. Objective lens

b. Ocular lens

c. Condenser

d. Body

e. Iris diaphragm

Question 3

Characteristics of shared by all cells include:

Select one:

a. a membrane serving as a cell boundary

b. the possession of genetic information

c. the presence of cellular fluid

d. All of these

Question 4

Glycolysis

Select one:

a. Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP and requires oxygen

b. Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and requires oxygen

c. Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP, without oxygen

d. Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP, without oxygen

e. None of the choices are correct

Question 5

Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?

Select one:

a. Live lab animals

b. Embryonated bird eggs

c. Primary cell cultures

d. Continuous cell cultures

e. All of the choices will support viral cultivation

Question 6

The smallest and most significant taxon is

Select one:

a. Genus

b. Species

c. Kingdom

d. Family

e. Phylum

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?

Select one:

a. Structural framework for the cell

b. Anchor points for organelles

c. Made up of microfilaments

d. Made up of microtubules

e. Made up of cilia

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of a prokaryote cell membrane?

Select one:

a. Transport

b. Secretion

c. Cellular respiration

d. Macromolecule synthesis

e. Antigens and receptors

Question 9

Ionic compounds are

Select one:

a. Hydrophobic

b. Hydrophilic

c. Are acidic in solution

d. Are basic in solution

e. Always form salts in solution

Question 10

Which of the following is mismatched?

Select one:

a. Methanogens – convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane

b. Extreme halophiles – adapted to salty habitats

c. Psychrophiles – adapted to very low temperatures

d. Hyperthermophiles – adapted to high temperatures

e. Thermo plasmas – adapted to frozen environments

Question 11

The study of the immune response to infection caused by microorganisms is

Select one:

a. Hypersensitivity

b. Epidemiology

c. Immunology

d. Morbidity

e. Geomicrobiology

Question 12

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is

Select one:

a. More peptidoglycan

b. Predominance of unique, waxy, lipids

c. Easily decolorized

d. Presence of lipopolysaccharide

e. All of the choices are correct

Question 13

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

Select one:

a. Amino acids

b. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms

c. Nitrogen and phosphorus

d. Fatty acids

e. Carbon atoms

Question 14

Oncogenic viruses include all the following except

Select one:

a. Hepatitis B virus

b. Measles virus

c. Papillomavirus

d. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses

e. Epstein-Barr virus

Question 15

Fungal asexual spores

Select one:

a. Are only produced under harmful environmental conditions

b. Are only asexually produced

c. Cannot be seen in a light microscope

d. Are the products of meiotic division by a single parent cell

e. Are used to identify fungi

Question 16

An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 32° C is called a/an

Select one:

a. Extremophile

b. Thermophile

c. Psychrophile

d. Facultative psychrophile

e. Thermoduric

Question 17

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes

Select one:

a. The positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand

b. A negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand

c. Viral RNA from DNA

d. Viral DNA from RNA

e. None of the choices are correct

Question 18

In addition to electrons, which of the following is also involved in electron transfer?

Select one:

a. ADP

b. Glucose

c. Carbon

d. Hydrogen

e. Carbon dioxide

Question 19

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?

Select one:

a. Phosphate-carbohydrates

b. Sulfhydryl-proteins

c. Amino-proteins

d. Hydroxyl-alcohols

e. Carboxyl-fatty acids

Question 20

A sequence of bases on a gene that does not code for protein is called a/an

Select one:

a. Promoter

b. Operator

c. Operon

d. Exon

e. Intron

Question 21

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

Select one:

a. Size of the periplasmic space

b. Similarities of cell membrane proteins

c. Size of the bacterial chromosome

d. Nitrogen base sequence of rRNA

e. Size of the ribosomes

Question 22

Which type of microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background?

Select one:

a. Bright-field

b. Dark-field

c. Phase-contrast

d. Fluorescence

e. Electron

Question 23

Which is incorrect about inducible operons?

Select one:

a. Have genes turned off by a buildup of end product

b. Are often for catabolic pathways

c. Are normally turned off

d. Are turned on by the substrate of the enzyme

e. Include the lac operon

Question 24

Enzymes are

Select one:

a. Broken down in reactions that require energy input

b. Proteins that function as catalysts

c. Used up in chemical reactions

d. Not needed for catabolic reactions

e. All of the choices are correct

Question 25

Contractile vacuoles are

Select one:

a. Used to expel excess water from cells

b. Found in bacterial cells

c. Important to certain organisms in hypertonic environments

d. Protein carriers in cell membranes

e. Used to bring solutes into a cell

Question 26

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce the virtual image of the specimen?

Select one:

a. Objective lens

b. Ocular lens

c. Condenser

d. Body

e. Iris diaphragm

Question 27

The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put ino a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the

Select one:

a. Colony

b. Inoculum

c. Streak

d. Loop

e. None of the choices are correct

Question 28

The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them and correctly replace them are

Select one:

a. DNA ligases

b. DNA polymerases

c. DNA helicases

d. DNA gyrases

e. Primases

Question 29

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify and package proteins for cell secretion is the

Select one:

a. Mitochondria

b. Lysosomes

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Chloroplasts

e. Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

A frame shift is caused by ______ mutations?

Select one:

a. Missense and insertion

b. Missense and nonsense

c. Nonsense and deletion

d. Deletion and insertion

e. Insertion and nonsense

Question 31

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called

Select one:

a. Viroids

b. Prions

c. Bacteriophages

d. Satellite viruses

e. All of the choices infect bacteria

Question 32

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

Select one:

a. Species

b. Phylum

c. Kingdom

d. Genus

e. Family

Question 33

Human pathogens fall into the group

Select one:

a. Psychrophiles

b. Thermophiles

c. Halophiles

d. Mesophiles

e. Acidophiles

Question 34

What is the term for a culture made from one isolated colony?

Select one:

a. Axenic

b. Mixed

c. Pure

d. Both axenic and mixed

e. Both axenic and pure

Question 35

Traditional approaches to taxonomy involved observation of visible morphological characteristics. Today, however, new molecular methods include the examination of:

Select one:

a. DNA

b. rRNA

c. proteins

d. All of these

Question 36

The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a/an

Select one:

a. Septum

b. Rhizoid

c. Spore

d. Bud

e. Mycelium

Question 37

An irregular cluster of spherical cells would be called a/an

Select one:

a. Palisades

b. Sarcina

c. Staphylococcus

d. Streptococcus

e. Spirilla

Question 38

The production of antibodies is a form of antagonism called

Select one:

a. Symbiosis

b. Satellitism

c. Antibiosis

d. Mutualism

e. Synergism

Question 39

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

Select one:

a. 2

b. 4

c. 8

d. 18

e. 32

Question 40

Enzymes that catalyze moving a phosphate from one substrate to another are called

Select one:

a. Phosphotransferases

b. Oxidoreductases

c. Decarboxylases

d. Aminotransferases

e. Ligases