Psychology TestBank Ch16 Therapy and Treatment

OSC_Psychology_TestBank_Ch16_Therapy_and_Treatment

Chapter 16: Therapy and Treatment

 *= Correct answer

Multiple Choice

1. Cultural competence is a therapist’s understanding of, and attention to, ________.

A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client

B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant

C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 2.5

2. Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.

A. addiction

B. comorbidity

C. relapse

D. reversion

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2

3. Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

A. chronic

B. fleeting

C. imaginary

D. simple

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2

4. What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member’s specific problem?

A. comorbid

B. relative

C. strategic

D. structural

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

5. During the therapist’s first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs.

A. admission

B. analysis

C. counseling

D. intake

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

6. Which treatment modality involves 5–10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

A. couple therapy

B. group therapy

C. strategic family therapy

D. structural family therapy

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

7. Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

A. client-centered

B. cognitive-behavioral

C. ECT

D. personality-focused

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

8. Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

A. confidentiality

B. disclosure

C. discretion

D. privilege

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

9. Aversive conditioning is a ________.

A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior

B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

10. Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

A. behavior

B. biomedical

C. cognitive

D. exposure

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

11. Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

A. classical conditioning

B. counterconditioning

C. free association

D. psychodynamic

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

12. What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

A. helping clients change undesirable behaviors

B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

C. learning a new response to a stimulus

D. treating a client’s fear or anxiety

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

13. ECT stands for ________.

A. easy classical treatment

B. economy, cognition, tokens

C. electroconvulsive therapy

D. extra conditioning therapy

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

14. Who developed client-centered therapy?

A. Abraham Maslow

B. Carl Rogers

C. Dorothea Dix

D. Philippe Pinel

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

15. In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

A. a prophet

B. about to die

C. in need of counseling

D. possessed by demons

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

16. Who developed psychoanalysis?

A. Carl Jung

B. Carl Rogers

C. Dorothea Dix

D. Sigmund Freud

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

17. ________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

A. asylums

B. churches

C. clinics

D. hospitals

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

18. Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

A. Carl Rogers

B. Dorothea Dix

C. Philippe Pinel

D. Sigmund Freud

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

19. Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

A. decriminalization of patients

B. medicalization of patients

C. process of closing large asylums

D. treatment of those on parole and probation

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

20. In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

A. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss

B. client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions

C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

D. therapist hypnotizes the client

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

21. Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

A. children

B. elderly

C. men

D. women

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

22. Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. behavior therapy

B. cognitive therapy

C. humanistic therapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

23. Renzo’s therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. aversive conditioning

B. behavior therapy

C. client-centered therapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

24. Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

A. ECT

B. free association

C. play therapy

D. Rogerian psychotherapy

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

25. Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. cognitive therapy

B. non-directive therapy

C. play therapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

26. In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla’s therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. aversion therapy

B. classical conditioning

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

D. free association

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

27. Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy

B. ECT

C. play therapy

D. RET

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

28. Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy

B. cognitive therapy

C. free association

D. humanistic therapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

29. Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

A. aversion therapy

B. aversive conditioning

C. experience conditioning

D. exposure therapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

30. On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

A. aversion therapy

B. free association

C. play therapy

D. systematic desensitization

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

31. Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

A. classical conditioning

B. humanism

C. RET

D. token economy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

32. According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?

A. A statistically insignificant number of U.S. adults do not believe children can develop a mental health disorder.

B. Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.

C. Research has not been conducted regarding how the public views children and teens with mental health disorders.

D. The majority of U.S. adults do not believe depressed children are capable of violence.

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.5

33. What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

B. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

C. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services to the same extent as White, middle-class Americans.

D. Ethnically Asian minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than ethnically Black minorities.

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.3

34. For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt’s therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

A. dream analysis

B. stimulus hierarchy

C. virtual hierarchy

D. virtual reality exposure

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

35. Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, “everyone makes mistakes sometimes,” he thinks, “I am so stupid.” What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. beating a dead horse

C. jumping to conclusions

D. overgeneralization

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

36. Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. collapsing boundaries

C. jumping to conclusions

D. overgeneralization

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

37. Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

A. all-or-nothing thinking

B. emotional crumbling

C. jumping to conclusions

D. overgeneralization

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

38. Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

A. active listening

B. indirect empathy

C. personal growth

D. unconditional positive regard

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

39. Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

A. active listening

B. client focus

C. transference

D. unconditional positive regard

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 3.1

40. ________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.

A. antidepressants

B. atypical antipsychotics

C. mood stabilizers

D. stimulants

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

41. The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.

A. anti-anxiety agents

B. antipsychotics

C. atypical antipsychotics

D. stimulants

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

42. Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

A. anti-anxiety agents

B. antidepressants

C. antipsychotics

D. mood stabilizers

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

43. Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A. Adderall

B. Clozaril

C. Lithium

D. Xanax

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

44. Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

A. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches

B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety

C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia

D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

45. Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

A. biomedical

B. cognitive

C. humanistic

D. RET

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

46. The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.

A. client’s personal goals

B. client’s personality as determined during intake

C. client’s willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist

D. therapist–client relationship

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1

47. Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

A. Clients in group therapy don’t need additional biomedical therapy.

B. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy.

C. It can decrease a client’s shame and isolation about a problem.

D. There is less transference during group therapy.

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

48. Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.

A. group

B. humanistic

C. individual

D. play

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

49. A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.

A. biomedical therapy

B. play therapy

C. psycho-educational treatment

D. rational-emotive therapy (RET)

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.5

50. The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________.

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy

B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

C. strategic family therapy

D. structural family therapy

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

51. Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don’t care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?

A. Lana being late for dinner with her parents

B. Lana feeling bad about herself

C. Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

D. Lana’s parents not caring that she is late for dinner

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4

52. Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

A. cognitive therapy

B. free association

C. rational emotive therapy

D. transference

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

53. ________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

A. nursing homes

B. rural areas

C. schools

D. urban areas

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 2.2, 2.5

54. Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn’t want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn’t attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

A. free association

B. humanistic

C. involuntary

D. voluntary

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

55. Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

A. 15%

B. 26%

C. 35%

D. 60%

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, 2.5

56. Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.

A. 1850

B. 1933

C. 1954

D. 1960Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

57. Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?

A. classical conditioning

B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

C. involuntary

D. voluntary

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

58. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.

A. 5%

B. 13.4%

C. 20.9%

D. 50.3%

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

59. Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

A. churches

B. prisons

C. psychiatric hospitals

D. schools

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

60. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.

A. 13%

B. 15%

C. 19%

D. 25%

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

61. Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.

A. aversion therapy

B. learning how to surf

C. sensory deprivation

D. swimming with dolphins

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

62. What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?

A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial.

B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder.

C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment.

D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.5

63. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients’ fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

A. The phrase “or anxiety” should be eliminated.

B. The phrase “or situation” should be eliminated.

C. The word “aversion” should be changed to the word “exposure.”

D. The word “problem” should be changed to the word “anxiety.”

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

64. Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again.

B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension.

C. You can’t be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

D. You can’t enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

65. Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

A. Behavior can be conditioned.

B. How you think determines how you feel.

C. Thoughts cannot be changed.

D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

66. Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term “patient” ________.

A. suggested the person could not be helped

B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine

C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

D. was too negative

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

67. What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

A. A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach.

B. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable.

C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

D. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 5.1

68. Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.

A. auditory hallucinations

B. manic episodes

C. paranoia

D. visual hallucinations

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

69. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.

A. The word “clinical” should be changed to the word “theoretical.”

B. The word “preferences” should be changed to the word “references.”

C. The word “psychology” should be changed to the word “therapy.”

D. The word “therapist” should be changed to the word “client.”

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

70. Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

A. altering levels of neurotransmitters

B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine

C. depressing central nervous system activity

D. improving the ability to focus on tasks

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

71. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?

A. client’s characteristics, values, preferences, and culture

B. clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist

C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

D. use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client’s issue

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

72. What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

A. client’s early infancy

B. client’s present and future

C. client’s recent past

D. client’s unconscious desires

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

73. What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

A. behavior affects social interaction

B. emotions affect thoughts

C. social interaction affects emotions

D. thoughts affect behavior

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4

74. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.

A. The name “Carl Rogers” should be changed to the name “Sigmund Freud.”

B. The word “childhood” should be changed to the word “infancy.”

C. The word “psychoanalysis” should be changed to the word “humanism.”

D. The word “repressed” should be changed to the word “conscious.”

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

75. How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking.

B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one’s unconscious.

C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one’s unconscious.

D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4

76. How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

A. months

B. one week of intensive sessions

C. weeks

D. years

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

77. Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?

A. It involves dream analysis.

B. It involves free association.

C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud.

D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2

78. Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?

A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time.

C. Most patients aren’t mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter.

D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

79. What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?

A. broke their backs

B. cured them

C. had no effect

D. put them in a coma

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

80. Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8–15 years old?

A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

B. anxiety disorder

C. conduct disorder

D. mood disorder

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Short Answer

81. What do statistics suggest about the incidence of mental illness and treatment in children 8–15 years old?

82. List some places where a person might receive psychological treatment.

83. Outline the history and impact of the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act.

84. During medieval times, what did many believe caused abnormal behavior?

85. List some origins of psychological problems. 

86. What is trephining? What was it used for? Was it effective?

87. Describe conditions in the first asylums.

88. How did Philippe Pinel change the treatment of the mentally ill?

89. Compare and contrast electroshock and electroconvulsive therapy.

90. How did Dorothea Dix change the treatment of the mentally ill in the United States?

91. Discuss the impact of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008.

92. What are some barriers to receiving mental health treatment?

93. Discuss the origin and application of psychoanalysis. 

94. What is transference and why does it occur?

95. Explain how a therapist can use classical conditioning techniques to help someone stop wetting the bed.

96. Describe at least three stages of systematic desensitization related to a fear of snakes.

97. Describe how aversion therapy can help an alcoholic.

98. How can you use a token economy to toilet train a toddler?

99. Define and exemplify exposure therapy.

100. Explain the approach used in client-centered therapy.

101. Compare and contrast psychotherapy with biomedical therapy.

102. Why are children with anxiety disorder less likely to be treated than children with a conduct disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

103. What went wrong with the process of deinstitutionalization?

104. What are some things that motivate people in the United States to seek treatment for mental illness?

105. How is exposure therapy used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in soldiers?

106. What does research suggest about the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Essay

107. What would motivate you to enter therapy?

Difficulty: Easy

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.4, 4.1

108. Do you think that involuntary treatment is effective? Explain.

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 4.1

109. What kind of therapy do you believe is most effective? Why?

Difficulty: Moderate

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1

110. Do you think there are some disorders that cannot be treated with therapy? Explain.

Difficulty: Difficult

APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1