CRJ 180 multiple choice questions

1. According to Erich Goode, a way to explain adolescent involvement in delinquency is through:
social learning theory 
failure to fit into conventional society 
inadequate child-parent relationships 
social bond theory 
2. Over the past 15 years, the number of females arrested for violent crimes has increased ____ percent.

15 
25 
30 
45

3. Infanticide is primarily committed by members of a child's family using ____.
poison 
guns 
hands or feet 
knives

4. In 2005, the U.SHistorically, which of the following was not handled by the juvenile court?
neglected children 
delinquents 
hate crimes 
status offenses

5. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for offenders under the age of 18 at the time they committed their crime:
could continue as it is in line with the Stubborn Child Law of the Constitution 
violates the Eighth Amendment 
is acceptable to the general public and, therefore, constitutional 
violates the principle of parens patriae

6. nce a juvenile is detained and a petition is filed, a hearing must be scheduled within:
24 hours 
48-72 hours 
85-120 hours 
1 week

7. When a juvenile is suspected of committing a crime, police have the discretion to:
release the child and report the contact 
interrogate or search the child 
turn the child over to their parents under the promise of punishment 
both A and B are correct

8. Most youth tend to pick friends who are like themselves. The term that describes this process is called_________.
homophily 
heliophobia 
hobophobily 
hormephobia

9. According to criminologist Ko-lin Chin, Chinese gang activity is dominated by:
fighting over turf 
accumulating money 
doing drugs 
organizing prostitution rings 
10. The Rochester Youth Development Study found that gang members accounted for _____ percent of the serious delinquent acts in the community.
10 
18 
nearly 40 
more than 85

11. Some risk factors associated with gang membership include:
poverty 
failure in school 
prior violence 
increased drug use 
all of the above are correct

12. Latchkey children are those who:
regularly pick the locks on their neighbor's homes 
have been abandoned at home by work-oriented parents 
regularly care for themselves without adult supervision after school or on weekends 
have highly authoritarian parents 
13. In a study of the relationship between religiosity and delinquency, Travis Hirschi and Rodney Stark found that:
religious adolescents had lower rates of delinquency 
religious adolescents had higher rates of delinquency 
atheist adolescents had lower rates of delinquency than religious adolescents 
there was no relationship between religiosity and delinquency 
14. According to Russell Hill and Frank Stafford, one way mothers compensate for being in the paid labor force full-time is by:
spending more money on their children 
cutting down on their own sleep and leisure time 
taking time off from work to be with their children 
spending more time with their children on weekends 
15. According to Bruce Chadwick and Brent Top, the more _____ a person is, the less likely he or she will participate in delinquent or criminal behaviors.
ethical 
educated 
financially secure 
religious 
16. According to the most recent Indicators of School Crime and Safety report, children were ___ times more likely to be murdered away from school than at school.
5 
12 
22 
50

17. Children are ____ times more likely to be murdered away from school than at school.
16 
35 
50 
80

18. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____, that school officials may legally search students and their lockers without consent.
Thompson v. Carthage School District 
New Jersey v. T.L.O. 
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton 
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette

19. Research has found that schools with zero-tolerance policies are _____ orderly and secure than schools, which use a case-by-case approach.
significantly more 
significantly less 
no more 
no less

20. Peers offer each other a sense of which of the following?
acceptance 
camaraderie 
empowerment 
all of the above are correct

21. Which one of the following is not a risk factor for very early childhood and delinquency?
maternal smoking 
bullying 
parent incarceration 
exposure to lead

22. Impoverished neighborhoods often are characterized by which of the following?
high rates of self-employment 
inadequate education systems 
strong social support networks 
both B and C are correct

23. The most effective prevention programs are aimed at children in:
the earliest stages of life 
preschool and kindergarten 
run-down neighborhoods 
early Head Start program

24. The numerous early prevention programs conducted since the 1970's have concluded that:

children are active learners and that they are better equipped to enter kindergarten

prevention is more effective among females

all crime prevention programs need to target the lower-class

early intervention in prenatal care improves child development and decreases risk factors

25. A _____ approach to the drug problem involves using a public health model to reduce the risks and consequences of using illicit drugs.

D.A.R.E.

legalization

harm reduction

resistance education