DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES 2ND EDITION

Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

             1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?

1.       The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.

2.       The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.

3.       The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.

4.       The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.

             2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?

1.       Dissipation of pyruvic acid

2.       Initiation of the citric acid cycle

3.       Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A

4.       Creation of acidosis via lactic acid

             3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?

1.   2

2.   3

3.   34

4.   53

               4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?

1.      Ribosomes

2.      Mitochondria

3.      Ribonucleic acids

4.      Deoxyribonucleic acids

5.      Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?

1.      Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.

2.      There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.

3.      The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.

4.      Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.

6.      When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?

1.      During endoplasmic reticulum stress

2.      During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

3.      During a severe hypoxic state

4.      During the processing of prohormone

7.      Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?

1.      Cilia

2.      Microfilaments

3.      Secretory vesicles

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4.   Endoplasmic reticula

             8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?

1.       Actin and myosin

2.       Prohormone and tubulin

3.       Tubulin and actin

4.       Myosin and prohormone

             9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?

1.       Proteasome

2.       Peroxisome

3.       Macrophage

4.       Lysosomal enzymes

           10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?

1.       Accumulation of ganglioside

2.       Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis

3.       Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity

4.       Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system

           11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?

1.       During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.

2.       During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.

3.       During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.

4.       During ER stress, nondeNgUraRdeSdIsNubGsTtaBnc.eCs OacMcumulate in the cells.