NP235 PowerPoint for Unit One

RED BLOOD CELLS-(ERYTHROCYTES) - ANSWERCarry oxygen from lungs to tissue; carry carbon dioxide a waste product away from tissues back to the lungs

Where are red blood cells made? - ANSWERBone Marrow

live about 120 days

What do RBC values tell us? - ANSWERLow values: Anemia, leukemia, post-hemorrhage

High values: high altitudes, dehydration (less liquid=more concentrated)

HEMOGLOBIN - ANSWERProtein within red blood cells

Hemoglobin Job? - ANSWERCarry oxygen and carbon dioxide waste

HEMOGLOBIN range - ANSWER13.5-17.5 grams per deciliter men

12.0-15.5 grams per deciliter women

what does hemoglobin tell us - ANSWERHigh: COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia (cancer)

Low: Anemia, Hemorrhage

HEMATOCRIT - ANSWERThe ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

HEMATOCRIT value - ANSWERMale-39-50% Females-35-47%

what does hematocrit tell us - ANSWERHigh values: Dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia

Low values: Anemia, hemorrhage, over hydration

WHITE BLOOD CELLS - ANSWERPart of the body's immune system. Helps fight infection and other diseases.

white blood cell types - ANSWERGranulocytes, neutrophils, and basophils. Monocytes and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)

WBC values - ANSWER4.0-11.0 unit/L inflammatory and infectious processes

what does WBC count tell us - ANSWERHigh: Leukemia, infectious processes

Low: Side effects of chemotherapy

Differential value breaks down into units.

Neutrophils - ANSWER50-70% (0.50-0.70)

A type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis

what do neutrophils tell us - ANSWERHigh: bacterial infections, connective tissue diseases, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Low: Aplastic anemia, viral infections

Lymphocytes - ANSWER20-40% (0.20-0.40)

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

what do Lymphocytes tell us - ANSWERHigh: chronic infections, mononucleosis

Low: corticosteroid therapy

Monocytes - ANSWER4-8%

An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.

what do monocytes tell us - ANSWERHigh: malaria, leukemia, chronic inflammatory disorders

Esinophils - ANSWER0-4%

White blood cell (Granulocyte) that defend against potozoan and helminth parasites. Stain red and may play a role in allergies.

what do esinophils tell us - ANSWERHigh: allergic reactions, parasitic disorders Low: corticosteroid use

Basophils - ANSWER0-2%

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

What do basophils tell us - ANSWERHigh: hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis

Low: hyperthyroidism, stress

PLATELETS- (THROMBOCYTES) - ANSWERtiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. When injured, blood vessels signal platelets to rush to a site to stop bleeding and form a clot to fix the damage.

Platelet values - ANSWER150-400 u/L

what do platelets tell us - ANSWERHigh: acute infections, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, collegen disorders, post-splenectomy

Low: thrombocytopenia, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

Electrolytes - ANSWERMinerals in our bodies that have electric charges that balance the amount of water in our bodies, allow cells to generate energy, help conduct electricity, contract muscles and move fluids and water.

Sodium value - ANSWER135-145 mEq/L

what does Sodium tell us - ANSWERHigh: Dehydrated, impaired renal function, aldosteronism

Low: Vomiting, excess perspiration, diuretic therapy

Potassium value - ANSWER3.5-5.0 mEq/L

what does potassium tell us - ANSWERHigh: Cardiac standstill, diabetic ketosis, tissue distruction

Low: Cardiac irregularities, diarrhea, diuretic therapy, starvation, vomiting

Chloride value - ANSWER96-106mEq/L

what does chloride tell us - ANSWERHigh: metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis

Low: Addison's disease, diarrhea, vomiting

Calcium value - ANSWER8.6-10.2 mg/dl

what does Calcium tell us - ANSWERHigh: multiple myeloma, Vit. D intox, hyperparathyroidism

Low: renal failure, liver disease, malabsorbation syndrome

Magnesium value - ANSWER1.5-2.5 mEq/L

what does magnesium tell us - ANSWERHigh: hypothyroidism, renal failure

Low: alcoholism, malabsorbtion syndrome

Phosphorus value - ANSWER2.4-4.4 mg/dl

What does phosphorus tell us - ANSWERHigh: healing fractures, renal disease

Low: abnormal heart rhythm

URINALYSIS - ANSWERcheck for urinary tract infections, kidney problems, or diabetes. It checks the appearance, concentration, and content of urine.

urine dipstick - ANSWERchecks for: protein, ketones, specific gravity, glucose, and RBCs.

Specific gravity - ANSWER1.010-1.030

what does specific tell us - ANSWERHigh: dehydrated

Low: too diluted, diabetes insipidus, kidney failure

Urine output range - ANSWERnormal range for 24 hours is 800-2000 milliliters

<500ml in 24 hours is called Oliguria (dehydration)

BUN (Blood Urea