ATI Comprehensive Health Promotion and Maintenance Study Guide

ATI Comprehensive Health Promotion and Maintenance

1. You are caring for an infant who is just about 12 months old. Which assessment data is normal for the infant at this age?

A.            The infant had doubled their birth weight at twelve months.

B.            The infant had tripled their birth weight at twelve months.

C.            The mother reports that the infant is drinking 60 mLs per kilogram of its body weight.

D.            The infant had grown ¼ inch since last month.

Correct Response: A

The normal assessment data for the infant at 12 months of age is that the infant has doubled their birth weight at 12 months of age.

The mother’s reports that the infant is drinking 60 mLs per kilogram of its body weight and the fact that the infant had grown ¼ inch since last month are not normal assessment data. Infants are fed breast milk or formula every two to four hours with a total daily intake of 80 to 100 mLs per kilogram of body weight.

As the neonate grows, they gain five to seven ounces during the first six months and then they double their birth weight during the first year; the head circumference increases a half inch each month for six months and then two tenths of an inch until the infant is one year of age. Similarly, the height or length of the newborn increases an inch a month for the first 6 months and then 1/2 inch a month until the infant is 1 year of age.

2. You are the nursing supervisor in a long term care facility. One of the major considerations that you apply into your practice is strict infection control prevention measures because you are knowledgeable about the fact that the normal aging process is associated with the deterioration of the body’s normal defenses. Which theory of aging supports your belief that strict infection control prevention measures are necessary?

A.     The Programmed Longevity Theory

B.     The Immunological Theory of Aging

C.     The Endocrine Theory

D.     The Rate of Living Theory

Correct Response: B

The theory of aging that supports your belief that strict infection control prevention measures are necessary is the Immunological Theory of Aging. The Immunological Theory of Aging states that aging leads to the decline of the person’s defensive immune system and the decreased ability of the antibodies to protect us against infection.

The Programmed Longevity Theory of aging states that genetic instability and changes occur such as some genes turning on and off lead to the aging process; the Endocrine Theory of aging states that aging results from hormonal changes and the biological clock’s ticking; and Rate of Living Theory states that one’s longevity is the result of one’s rate of oxygen basal metabolism.

Other theories of aging are:

·         Wear and Tear Theory: This theory describes aging as a function of the simple wearing out of the tissues and cells as one ages.

·         Cross Linking Theory: This theory of aging explains that aging results for cell damage and disease from cross linked proteins in the body.

·         Free Radicals Theory: This theory is based on the belief that free radicals in the body lead to cellular damage and the eventual cessation of organ functioning.

·         Somatic DNA Damage Theory: Somatic DNA Damage theory is based on the belief that aging and death eventually occur because DNA damage, as continuously occurs in the human cells, continues to the point where they can no longer be repaired and replaced and, as a result, they accumulate in the body.

3. You are caring for a group of elderly clients, many of whom are affected with multiple chronic disorders and are also, at times, affected with some acute disorders that require medical and nursing attention. As you are caring for these clients some will need a new medication regimen for an acute disorder. You should consider that fact that the elderly population is at risk for more side effects, adverse drug reactions, and toxicity and over dosages of medications because the elderly have a (n):

A.            Increased creatinine clearance.

B.            Impaired immune system.

C.            Decreased hepatic metabolism.

D.            Increased bodily fat.

Correct Response: C