NR 565 Week 5 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Final Exam Study Guide | Latest 2020 Chamberlain

NR565 Week 5 Study Outline

Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world scenarios.

Chapter 24: Drugs used in treating infectious diseases (p. 692-760) SEE DRUG CHART BELOW

Know the following for each drug class (penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, lipoglycopeptides):

·         ·  Spectrum of coverage for various organisms

·         ·  Pharmacodynamics

·         ·  Pharmacokinetics

·         ·  Pharmacotherapeutics

·         ·  Clinical indications & dosing

·         ·  ADRs

·         ·  Monitoring

·         ·  Patient education

Antimicrobial resistance
Treatment of Group A and Group B beta streptococci

Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins

         Category

Bacteriocidal or Bacteriostatic

What do they Treat?

(Indications)

Pharmacokinetics

Pregnancy Category?  Safe in pediatrics?

Safe in Lactation?

Adverse Effects

Penicillins

(PCN and Amoxicillin)

Used in tx bact. URI, pharyngitis strep, otitis media, sinusitis, pna, STI, wound infx

Bacteriocidal; inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall

Pcn - Treat aerobic and gram positive. Red Book recommends penicillin for Group A beta streptococci & for Group B beta streptococci due to low resistance

Aminopcn – treat gram posivite anaerobes and gram negative (MSSA, strep, H.flu, E.coli, Klebsiella, Neisseria meningitides); amoxicillin, ampicillin; combined with betalactamase inhib

Pcnase-resistant – (pcnase staph, strep, MSSA); not effective against MRSA; cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

Antipseudomonal – gramneg bacilli (pseudo aeruginosa, enterbacter, morganella); piperacillin, ticarcillin

Absorption – from GI tract, depends on agent, ph of stomach/intestine, presence of food; high doses can cause GI upset/diarrhea

Distribution – varies in protein binding, well distributed, inflammation enhance distribution, crosses placenta/breast milk

Metabolism – minimal metab except for nafcillin/oxacillin

Excretion – primarily unchanged in urine, caution in renal insufficiency (increase half life)

-          Catergory B

-          Safe in lactation

-          Safe in pediatrics

-          Does not cross BBB unless inflammation

-          Hypesensivity

-          Superinfection

-          GI disturubances

-          Rash (maculopapular)

-          Changes in renal function

-          Candida infections

-          Seizures/irritability

-          Decreases oral contrapceptives effectiveness

-          Interstitial nephritis

* Severe, type I allergic reactions to cephalosporins, carbapenems, or beta-lactamase inhibitors may contraindicate use of penicillins.