PSYC 341 Quizzes Spring 2020 250+ MCQs | Complete Solution

PSYC 341 Quizzes

Question 1

McCrae and Costa (1996) objected to earlier personality theories as relying too heavily ON

Question 2

Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used a(n) _____ of gathering data

Question 3

According to Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, which of the following statements is true of basic tendencies?

Question 4

Which of the following techniques is used by most researchers to identify personality traits?

Question 5

According to Costa and McCrae, maladjustment occurs when?

Question 6

Identify a true statement about characteristic adaptation as a core component of the Five-Factor Theory.

Question 7

 Individuals who score high on _____ tend to be anxious, temperamental, emotional, and vulnerable to stress-related problems.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of people who score high on the openness to experience factor in the Five Factor Model?

Question 9

The concept of humanity embodied by trait and factor theories is best described as

Question 10

Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only _____ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the postulates of basic tendencies?

Question 12

The ve factors of the Five-Factor Model have been found across cultures and show some permanence with

Question 13

People who consistently seek out dierent and varied experiences score high on

Question 14

People who score in the direction of agreeableness tend to be

Question 15

In Cattell’s inductive method of research,

Question 16

Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa agreed with Hans J. Eysenck that personality traits are _____ and follow a bell-shaped distribution.

Question 17

The principal dierence between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations is their

Question 18

The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the _____ rotation method of factor analysis.

Question 19

In the NEOPI (1992), Costa and McCrae revealed two additional trait dimensions. They were

Question 20

Which of the following was an ideal factor that allowed Costa and McCrae to investigate the question of how personality is structured?

Question 21

Which of the following is not one of the ve factors in the Five-Factor Model of personality traits?

Question 22

According to Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, _____ is dened as everything a person does, thinks, or feels across his or her whole lifespan.

Question 23

Although factor and trait theories are dicult to rate on several dimensions with respect to the concept of humanity, they clearly rate very high on

Question 24

The essence of basic tendencies is their basis in biology and their _____ over time and situation.

Question 25

According to the Five-Factor Model, _____ describes people who are ordered, controlled, organized, ambitious, achievement focused, and self-disciplined.

Question 26

Which is not one of the four levels of behavior organization recognized by Eysenck?

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of the personality assessments created and developed by Eysenck?

Question 28

According to Hans J. Eysenck, which of the following statements is true about people who score high on neuroticism?

Question 29

The people who most inuenced Eysenck were

Question 30

Which of the following was proposed by Hans J. Eysenck?

Question 31

Eysenck's encounter with the fascist right and his later battles with the radical left suggested to him that the trait of _____ was equally prevalent in both extremes of the political spectrum

Question 32

Hans J. Eysenck described a trait as

Question 33

A major thrust of Eysenck's theory is that personality results from the basic genetic and neurophysiological makeup of humans. Which biological research ndings support this assertion?

Question 34

Which of the following is not one of Eysenck's criteria for identifying factors?

Question 35

According to Grossarth-Maticek, who had very low deaths from either cancer or cardiovascular disease?

Question 36

In the context of Eysenck’s biologically based factor theory, the key for Eysenck was that the individual dierences in people's personalities were due to

Question 37

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following except

Question 38

According to Eysenck's ndings, cold, nonconforming, and aggressive personalities tend to score high on

Question 39

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the _____ scale.

Question 40

Eysenck's P type is a bipolar factor consisting of

Question 41

According to Hans J. Eysenck, introverts can be described as being

Question 42

Some people are vulnerable to psychiatric illness because they have a genetic or acquired weakness that predisposes them to the illness. This explanation for an illness is what Eysenck called the

Question 43

According to Eysenck, high P scorers are

Question 44:

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek found that

Question 45

Eysenck's three general types or superfactors are

Question 46

According to the four-level hierarchy of behavior organization proposed by Hans J. Eysenck, _____ are at the highest level of behavior organization

Question 47

Which trait theorist was a native of Germany but lived and worked for much of his professional life in England and at the University of London?

Question 48

According to Eysenck, an individual characterized by hysteria, suggestibility, and somatic symptoms would score high on the _____ scale.

Question 49

In Hans J. Eysenck's theory of personality, individuals who score low on psychoticism tend to be

Question 50

Which of the following is not listed by Eysenck as a criterion for identifying a factor?

Question 1

1 out of 1 points

According to Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, _____ is defined as everything a person does, thinks, or feels across his or her whole lifespan.

Question 2

1 out of 1 points

People who score low on openness to experience tend to

Question 3

1 out of 1 points

Which of Cattell’s media of observation cannot be used with animals such as dogs or cats?

Question 4

1 out of 1 points

In the NEOPI (1992), Costa and McCrae revealed two additional trait dimensions. They were

Question 5

1 out of 1 points

In Cattell’s inductive method of research,

Question 6

1 out of 1 points

In the context of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which of the following is one of the strongest and most ubiquitous personality traits?

Question 7

1 out of 1 points

According to the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which of the following personality traits describes people who are hardworking, self-disciplined, ambitious, and organized?

Question 8

1 out of 1 points

Individuals who score high on _____ tend to be anxious, temperamental, emotional, and vulnerable to stress-related problems.

Question 9

1 out of 1 points

According to Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, _____ are defined as the universal raw material of personality capacities and dispositions that are generally inferred rather than observed.

Question 10

1 out of 1 points

Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used a(n) _____ of gathering data.

Question 11

1 out of 1 points

Presently, most researchers who study personality traits agree that _____ dominant traits emerge from factor analytic techniques.

Selected Answer:            

5

Question 12

1 out of 1 points

The major strength of trait and factor theories lies in

Question 13

1 out of 1 points

McCrae and Costa’s Five-Factor Model (FFM) can both _____ and _____ behavior.

Question 14

1 out of 1 points

According to Costa and McCrae, maladjustment occurs when

Question 15

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following techniques is used by most researchers to identify personality traits?

Question 16

1 out of 1 points

The principal difference between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations is their

Question 17

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following was an ideal factor that allowed Costa and McCrae to investigate the question of how personality is structured?

Question 18

1 out of 1 points

Research on traits and emotion tends to support the hypothesis that

Question 19

1 out of 1 points

People who consistently seek out different and varied experiences score high on

Question 20

1 out of 1 points

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _____ or _____.

Question 21

1 out of 1 points

Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only _____ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach.

Question 22

1 out of 1 points

Most of Costa and McCrae’s early research was focused on three main personality traits that included neuroticism, extraversion, and

Question 23

1 out of 1 points

The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the _____ rotation method of factor analysis.

Question 24

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following statements is true of the postulates for characteristic adaptations?

Question 25

1 out of 1 points

Core components of the Five-Factor Theory include the _____, which are acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment.

Question 26

1 out of 1 points

According to the four-level hierarchy of behavior organization proposed by Hans J. Eysenck, _____ are at the highest level of behavior organization.

Question 27

1 out of 1 points

In Hans J. Eysenck's theory of personality, individuals who score low on psychoticism tend to be

Question 28

1 out of 1 points

The people who most influenced Eysenck were

Question 29

0 out of 1 points

According to Hans J. Eysenck, introverts can be described as being

Question 30

1 out of 1 points

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are

Question 31

1 out of 1 points

According to Hans J. Eysenck, which of the following statements is true about people who score high on neuroticism?

Question 32

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is not listed by Eysenck as a criterion for identifying a factor?

Question 33

1 out of 1 points

Which trait theorist was a native of Germany but lived and worked for much of his professional life in England and at the University of London?

Question 34

1 out of 1 points

According to Hans J. Eysenck, extraverts can be described as being

Question 35

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck's P type is a bipolar factor consisting of

Question 36

1 out of 1 points

According to Grossarth-Maticek, who had very low deaths from either cancer or cardiovascular disease?

Question 37

1 out of 1 points

According to Eysenck, high P scorers are

Question 38

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

Question 39

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following was proposed by Hans J. Eysenck?

Question 40

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck's encounter with the fascist right and his later battles with the radical left suggested to him that the trait of _____ was equally prevalent in both extremes of the political spectrum.

Question 41

1 out of 1 points

A major thrust of Eysenck's theory is that personality results from the basic genetic and neurophysiological makeup of humans. Which biological research findings support this assertion?

Question 42

1 out of 1 points

Which is not one of the four levels of behavior organization recognized by Eysenck?

Question 43

1 out of 1 points

Some people are vulnerable to psychiatric illness because they have a genetic or acquired weakness that predisposes them to the illness. This explanation for an illness is what Eysenck called the

Question 44

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is not one of Eysenck's criteria for identifying factors?

Question 45

1 out of 1 points

According to Eysenck, an individual characterized by hysteria, suggestibility, and somatic symptoms would score high on the _____ scale.

Question 46

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek found that

Question 47

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is not one of the personality assessments created and developed by Eysenck?

Question 48

1 out of 1 points

In the context of Eysenck’s biologically based factor theory, the key for Eysenck was that the individual differences in people's personalities were due to

Question 49

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

Question 50

1 out of 1 points

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following except

Question 1

In the context of the defense mechanisms used by infants, which of the following statements is true about splitting?

Question 2

According to Melanie Klein, infants use splitting as a means of

Question 3

Identify a true statement about children in the depressive position.

Question 4

In the context of the psychic life of infants, which of the following statements is true about infant phantasies?

Question 5

Which object relations theorist strongly emphasized the process by which the self evolves?

Question 6

Melanie Klein believed that the male Oedipus complex is resolved mostly when the boy

Question 7

Melanie Klein believed that before a unied ego can emerge, it must rst

Question 8

An infant remains calm when her mother exits the room, leaving her with a stranger. When the mother returns, the infant ignores her. According to Mary Ainsworth, this infant

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about an introjected object according to Melanie Klein?

Question 10

Margaret Mahler’s principal concern was with

Question 11

According to Melanie Klein, when the female Oedipus complex is successfully resolved, the little girl will

Question 12

In the context of the Oedipus complex, which of the following is a view shared by both Freud and Melanie Klein?

Question 13

Klein extended Freud’s psychoanalysis by emphasizing

Question 14

Margaret Mahler believed that when infants realize that they cannot satisfy their own basic needs, they

Question 15

Melanie Klein’s notion of the Oedipus complex diers from Freud’s in that it

Question 16

Melanie Klein agreed with Freud that people can be motivated by

Question 17

Which of the following is a defense mechanism used by an infant who feels good about its mother’s nurturing breast and attributes its own feelings of goodness onto the breast and imagines that the breast is good?

Question 18

The normal analog of Karen Horney’s neurotic trend of moving away from people is

Question 19

According to Karen Horney, normal and neurotic individuals dier in their use of the three basic styles of relating to people in that

Question 20

Neuroses, Karen Horney said, grow out of the “nutritive soil” of

Question 21

Tami is proud of her intellectual skills and abilities, and she is pleased when others notice and admire her superior intelligence. According to Karen Horney, these behaviors illustrate a neurotic need for

Question 22

Which of the following is a major strength of Karen Horney’s theory?

Question 23

Each of Karen Horney’s neurotic trends has a normal analog. The ability to survive in a competitive society is a healthy extension of the neurotic trend of

Question 24

According to Karen Horney, two important intrapsychic conicts are

Question 25

According to Karen Horney, an outstanding characteristic of people who adopt the trend of moving toward people is

Question 26

Karen Horney contended that modern culture is based on _____ between individuals.

Question 27

Karen Horney believed that the cultural contradictions of society

Question 28

Feelings of isolation, Karen Horney said, stem from

Question 29

Karen Horney believed that children develop _____ as a reaction to unlled needs for love and aection.

Question 30

Karen Horney contended that needs for aection result in

Question 31

Karen Horney believed that intrapsychic processes originate from

Question 32

Karen Horney referred to neurotics’ compulsive drive toward actualizing the ideal self as

Question 33

For Karen Horney, adult attitudes toward others are

Question 34

According to Erikson, the development of a conscience begins during

Question 35

Erikson believed that the ego is

Question 36

Erikson believed that ego identity is shaped

Question 37

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the time when people begin to take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces.

Question 38

Erikson’s genital-locomotor psychosexual mode accompanies the _____ stage.

Question 39

The discipline that combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods is

Question 40

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following statements is true of old age?

Question 41

Erikson, unlike earlier psychodynamic theorists

Question 42

Erikson believed that an author of psychohistory should

Question 43

In the context of psychosocial stages of development, individuals in the _____ stage develop a sense of control over their interpersonal environment, as well as a measure of self-control.

Question 44

According to Erikson, which of the following is not an aspect of the ego?

Question 45

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the psychosocial counterpart to intimacy.

Question 46

The anal-urethral-muscular mode of psychosexual adjustment characterizes Erikson’s _____ stage.

Question 47

The core pathology of adolescence, according to Erikson, is

Question 48

 Erikson claimed that for most people, the longest stage of psychosocial development is

Question 49

 Erikson found that the prolonged and permissive nursing of Sioux infants resulted in _____ character traits.

Question 50

Erikson saw which stage as a time of social latency?

Question 1

Tracy perceives everything that belongs to her as valuable and everything that belongs to others as having little value. Fromm would say Tracy is suering from

Question 2

Fromm held that our culture’s current feelings of anxiety, isolation, and powerlessness stem from

Question 3

From believed that the therapist should try to understand the patient by using

Question 4

In the context of nonproductive orientations, identify a true statement about receptive characters.

Question 5

From believed that _____ is the successful solution to the human dilemma of being part of the natural world and yet separate from it.

Question 6

According to Fromm, which of the following statements is true about a symbiotic relationship?

Question 7

Fromm believed that the _____ orientation is an outgrowth of modern commerce.

Question 8

Which of the following is a salient feature of exploitative people?

Question 9

According to Fromm, both masochism and sadism aim at

Question 10

Which of the following factors inuenced Fromm’s view of human nature?

Question 11

From her salary as an elementary school teacher, Jennifer has accumulated a very large bank account. In addition, she has seldom thrown away any of her teaching aids. It thus appears that Jennifer has Fromm’s _____ orientation.

Question 12

According to Erich Fromm, rather than valuing things outside themselves, _____ seek to save that which they have already obtained.

Question 13

According to Fromm, which of the following statements is true about psychologically disturbed people?Question 14

Fromm’s syndrome of decay consists of all the following excep

Question 14

 Fromm’s syndrome of decay consists of all the following except

Question 15

In the context of Erich Fromm’s anthropological study of life in a Mexican village, which of the following statements is true about productive-hoarding characters?

Question 16

Fromm’s hoarding character is similar to Freud’s _____ character.

Question 17

Fromm suggested that Hitler’s obsession with the “superiority” of the German people reected

Question 18

In the context of the primary mechanisms of escape, identify a true statement about masochism.

Question 19

According to Fromm, to keep one from going insane, one’s frame of orientation must include

Question 20

For Fromm, healthy people value work as

Question 21

Lorilee, a college junior, is extremely dependent on her mother to make both major and minor decisions for her. According to Fromm, Lorilee’s behavior is characterized by

Question 22

In the context of nonproductive orientations, identify a true statement about exploitative characters.

Question 23

For Fromm, positive freedom consists of

Question 24

Fromm believed that the lack of satisfaction of existential needs

Question 25

 According to Fromm, which of the following statements is true about people who use conformity as a mechanism of escape?

Question 26

Each ascending step in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs represents

Question 27

Maslow assumed that

Question 28

Expressive behavior diers from coping behavior in that expressive behavior

Question 29

Self-actualizers’ identication with humanity and genuine interest in helping others reect their

Question 30

As a student at Wisconsin, Maslow worked closely with

Question 31

According to Maslow, a woman whose physiological needs are inadequately satised will be motivated to

Question 32

According to Maslow, when people’s esteem needs are relatively well satised, they

Question 33

The term _____ refers to a new eld of psychology that combines an emphasis on hope, optimism, and well-being with scientic research and assessment.

Question 34

According to Abraham H. Maslow, which of the following statements is true of selfactualizers in comparison with non-self-actualizers in the context of their perception of reality?

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of metamotivation?

Question 36

According to Maslow, self-actualizing people are characterized by

Question 37

Maslow’s Jonah complex is characterized by

Question 38

Maslow listed four criteria for reaching self-actualization, including

Question 39

Instinctoid needs dier from noninstinctoid needs in that instinctoid needs

Question 40

Maslow believed that self-actualizers are relatively unaware of supercial dierences among people of dierent ages, genders, or social classes. This lack of awareness reects their

Question 41

As a college student, Maslow experienced which fortuitous event that changed his life?

Question 42

According to Maslow, neurotic needs

Question 43

Several studies have found that when people were instructed to “fake good” or “make a favorable impression” when lling out the Personal Orientation Inventory, they scored

Question 44

According to Abraham H. Maslow, which of the following statements is true of expressive behavior?

Question 45

Maslow believed that esteem and self-actualization needs

Question 46

If deprivation of a need leads to pathology, then Maslow would say that this need is

Question 47

Maslow believed that the impulse toward growth and self-actualization

Question 48

For Maslow, B-values

Question 49

Maslow claimed that love and belongingness needs are strongest in people who have

Question 50

In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs concept,

Question 1

“Yes, I like your idea, but I am afraid it is not feasible.” Which of the following safeguarding tendencies is exemplied in this scenario?

Question 2

Although similar to Sigmund Freud’s defense mechanisms, Alfred Adler’s concept of safeguarding tendencies diers in several respects. One dierence is that safeguarding tendencies are

Question 3

In the context of safeguarding tendencies, _____ is the tendency to safeguard one’s ctional goal of superiority by psychologically reverting to a secure period of life.

Question 4

Alfred Adler would see an individual’s inconsistent behavior as

Question 5

What did Alfred Adler’s earliest memories concern?

Question 6

Alfred Adler’s break with Sigmund Freud was due to the fact that

Question 7

Which of the following was the eect of World War I on Alfred Adler?

Question 8

Which of the following assumptions is not part of Alfred Adler’s theory?

Question 9

The death of Alfred Adler’s younger brother resulted in Alfred Adler

Question 10

Alfred Adler believed that the essence of maladjustment is in a person’s

Question 11

According to Alfred Adler, _____ is the dynamic force motivating all human activity

Question 12

According to Alfred Adler, which of the following statements is true about people with exaggerated physical deciencies?

Question 13

In the context of Adlerian theory of individual psychology, which of the following statements is true about social interest?

Question 14

Although Alfred Adler’s theory is optimistic, it can be criticized for its

Question 15

Alfred Adler’s notion of moving backward is similar to Sigmund Freud’s notion of

Question 16

Alfred Adler believed that the typical secondborn child

Question 17

Adlerian safeguarding tendencies protect _____ against public disgrace and loss of self-esteem.

Question 18

Alfred Adler believed that there are two general routes by which people strive. One is the path of exaggerated personal superiority and the other is the road of

Question 19

According to Alfred Adler, people with a pampered style of life are characterized by

Question 20

Alfred Adler borrowed his ideas on ctionalism from

Question 21

According to Alfred Adler, which of the following statements is true about children who feel pampered?

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true from an Adlerian perspective?

Question 23

According to Alfred Adler, _____ is the “barometer of normality.”

Question 24

From Alfred Adler’s biography, we know that he

Question 25

“If only my parents were more encouraging, I would have been a successful businessperson by now.” Which of the following safeguarding tendencies is exemplied in this scenario?

Question 26

The ultimate goal of Jungian dream interpretation is to

Question 27

  _____ are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.

Question 28

According to Carl Jung, if people’s introversion is conscious, then their

Question 29

Carl Jung’s notion of the collective unconscious refers to

Question 30

According to Carl Jung, the achievement of consciousness by our distant ancestors is reected in the hero’s

Question 31

According to Carl Jung, the archetype that manifests itself as one’s social role is the

Question 32

According to Carl Jung, the realization of the anima

Question 33

In the context of Jungian psychology, which of the following statements is true about introverted thinking types?

Question 34

One of the criticisms of Jungian theory is that

Question 35

What did Carl Jung call the contents of the personal unconscious?

Question 36

In Jungian theory, types include

Question 37

According to Carl Jung, introversion is basically

Question 38

According to Carl Jung, which of the following statements is true about the animus?

Question 39

According to Carl Jung, in dreams, gures such as a teacher, philosopher, doctor, or priest may personify the _____ archetype.

Question 40

Carl Jung developed the _____ technique during his self-analysis and later used it with many of his patients.

Question 41

On the dimension of causality versus teleology, Carl Jung

Question 42

Carl Jung dened the term “instinct” as

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about archetypes?

Question 44

Carl Jung called the feminine side of males the

Question 45

The mandala represents Carl Jung’s _____ archetype.

Question 46

In the context of archetypes, which of the following statements is true about the animus?

Question 47

Carl Jung, like Sigmund Freud, based his personality theory on the assumption that that the mind, or psyche,

Question 48

Symbols for Carl Jung’s great mother archetype include

Question 49

In the context of Jungian theory, which of the following statements is true about the ego?

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true about introverts?