PHIL 447N Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1)|CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

PHIL 447N Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Question 1.1. (TCO 1) “Thinking about thinking” is the definition of what?
2. Question 2.2. (TCO 1, 2, 4) In Chapter 1, we learned the definition of the term issue. The principle concern when handling an issue is whether or not
3. Question 3.3. (TCOs 1, 2, 3) In Chapter 1, we learned the definition of the term argument. The purpose of an argument is to
4. Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) In Chapter 2, we learned the meaning of inductive arguments. The support that the premises provide for the conclusion of an inductive argument is best described in terms of
5. Question 5.5. (TCO 1, 2) In Chapter 2, we learned the meaning of the three modes of persuasion, as defined by Aristotle. Logos refers to arguments based on
6. Question 6.6. (TCO 6) In Chapter 2, we learned how to analyze arguments. The first step in trying to understand arguments is to find the
7. Question 7.7. (TCOs 6, 7, 8, 9) In Chapter 3, we learned about the key elements of an argumentative essay. An author of a good argumentative essay should do all of the following, EXCEPT
8. Question 8.8. (TCOs 6, 8, 9) In Chapter 3, we learned the meaning of ambiguity and the difference between semantic and syntactic ambiguous claims. Consider the following example: “Students at DeVry enroll in thousands of courses every semester.” In this statement, the ambiguity used is
9. Question 9.9. (TCOs 2, 6, 7, 8) In Chapter 4, we learned how to assess the credibility of claims. A disinterested party who makes a claim is one who
10. Question 10.10. (TCOs 1, 6, 7, 9) In Chapter 5, we learned that it is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence our attitudes and beliefs. The purpose of the rhetorical device called a dysphemism is to replace a term with a(n) _____ meaning with one that has a(n) _____ meaning.
11. Question 11.11. (TCOs 1, 7) In Chapter 5, we learned that it is important to recognize when a rhetorical slanting device is being used to influence our attitudes and beliefs. The purpose of the rhetorical device called a proof surrogate is to suggest a claim’s truth based on
12. Question 12.12. (TCOs 1, 2) In Chapter 6, we learned that it is important to recognize when a fallacy of relevance is being used to influence our attitudes and beliefs. A personal ad hominem
    fallacy is an attack
13. Question 13.13. (TCOs 6, 7, 8) In Chapter 6, we learned that which party is responsible for the burden of proof depends upon a number of factors. All things being equal, the burden of proof falls automatically on the party taking
14. Question 14.14. (TCOs 1, 2) In Chapter 11, we learned how to evaluate arguments from analogy. The best way to demonstrate the weakness of an argument form analogy is to show that the analogues are
15. Question 15.15. (TCOs 3, 4) In Chapter 9, we learned the basics of categorical logic. Each standard-form of categorical logic has its own graphic illustration known by what name?
16. Question 16.16. (TCOs 3, 4, 8, 9) In Chapter 9, we learned the basics of Categorical Logic. Two claims can be equivalent, if and only if, under the same circumstances
17. Question 17.17. (TCOs 2, 3, 4) In Chapter 9, we learned that the square of opposition is a graphic illustration of the relationship between the four standard-form categorical claims. In the square of opposition, the sub contrary claims are those where
18. Question 18.18. (TCOs 2, 3, 4) In Chapter 9, we learned the basics of categorical logic, including three categorical relations: conversion, contraposition, and obversion. Contraposition involves replacing the standard terms with _____ terms.
19. Question 19.19. (TCOs 2, 5) In Chapter 11, we learned how to evaluate inductive generalizations based on samples. The purpose of studying samples is to generalize from
20. Question 20.20. (TCOs 2, 5) In Chapter 11, we learned how to evaluate inductive generalizations based on samples. The range of variation from one sample to another is known as
21. Question 21.21. (TCOs 1, 5, 8, 9) In Chapter 7, we learned how to recognize fallacies of induction. The fallacy of hasty generalization results from a sample that is not _____ to represent the population.
22. Question 22.22. (TCOs 1, 2, 3) In Chapter 11, we learned about the meaning and function of three principles of causal hypotheses. The common variable principle states a variable related to multiple occurrences may be
23. Question 23.23. (TCOs 2, 6) In Chapter 12, we learned the difference between religious relativism and religious absolutism. The guiding principle of religious relativism is the theory that what is right and wrong is based on the beliefs of
24. Question 24.24. (TCOs 2, 6) In Chapter 12, we learned the difference between moral relativism and moral absolutism. According to moral relativism, the idea of right or wrong is based on
25. Question 25.25. (TCOs 1, 6) In Chapter 12, we learned about the consistency principle, which states in part that, “If separate cases are not different in any relevant way, then they should be treated