NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam/NR507 Week 8 Final Exam(Vers 5,NEW,121 Q&A):Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Version 5 , NEW): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing

Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Version 5 , LATEST): Advanced Pathophysiology

Question 1 What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?

a)                  Herpes simplex virus type 6

b)                  Herpes simplex virus type 2

c)                  Human papillomavirus

d)                 Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2 Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

a)                  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation

b)                  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging

c)                  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens

d)                 An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 3 The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

a)                  Infectivity

b)                  Toxigenicity

c)                  Pathogenicity

d)                 Virulence

Question 4 Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

a)                  Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.

b)                  The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.

c)                  The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than the rate of output of lean adults.

d)                 The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.

Question 5 Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?

a)                  6 to 8 weeks

b)                  8 to 12 months

c)                  Until the iron level is normal

d)                 The rest of one’s life

Question 6 Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

a)                  Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation

b)                  Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging

c)                  Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens

d)                 Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 7 What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

a)                  Nasal turbinates

b)                  Alveolar macrophages

c)                  Cilia

d)                 Irritant receptors on the nares

Question 8 As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

a)                  Pressure; force Volume;

b)                  strength Viscosity;

c)                  force Viscosity; strength

Question 9 The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by:

a)                  2 years

b)                  1 year

c)                  10 months

d)                 5 months

Question 10 Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

a)                  Blood vessels

b)                  Epithelial cells

c)                  Connective tissue

d)                 Glandular tissue 

Question 11 Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

a)                  Increasing rate and depth of breathing

b)                  Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction

c)                  Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen

d)                 Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin

Question 12 What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?

a)                  Encephalocele

b)                  Meningocele

c)                  Spina bifida occulta

d)                 Myelomeningocele

Question 13 Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

a)                  Hypokalemia

b)                  Hyperkalemia

c)                  Hypocalcemia

d)                 Hypercalcemia

Question 14 After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months?

a)                  1 to 2

b)                  6 to 14

c)                  18 to 20

d)                 24 to 36

Question 15 Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?

a)                  Norepinephrine

b)                  Epinephrine

c)                  Cortisol

d)                 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 16 Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

a)                  Neutrophils

b)                  Monocytes

c)                  Eosinophils

d)                 Erythrocytes

Question 17 Where are alveolar macrophages found?

a)                  Skin

b)                  Breasts

c)                  Gastrointestinal tract

d)                 Lungs

Question 18 Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?

a)                  Decreased flow resistance

b)                  Fewer alveoli

c)                  Stiffening of the chest wall

d)                 Improved elastic recoil

Question 19 An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom?

a)                  Intermittent murmur

b)                  Lack of symptoms

c)                  Need for surgical repair

d)                 Triad of congenital defects

Question 20 Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?

a)                  V

b)                  VIII

c)                  IX

d)                 X

Question 21 A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

a)                  Hemolytic shock

b)                  Anaphylaxis

c)                  Necrotizing vasculitis

d)                 Systemic erythematosus

Question 22 Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?

a)                  Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.

b)                  Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.

c)                  Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.

d)                 Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.

Question 23 What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing?

a)      Anencephaly

b)      Myelodysplasia

c)      Cranial meningocele

d)     Hydrocephaly

Question 24 At birth, which statement is true?

a)      Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.

b)      Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.

c)      Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.

d)     Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.

Question 25 What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

a)                  Nausea

b)                  Fatigue

c)                  Hair loss

d)                 Weight loss 

Question 26 The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:

a)      Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

b)      Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.

c)      Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.

d)     Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Question 27 Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?

a)      Heat cramps

b)      Heat stroke

c)      Malignant hyperthermia

d)     Heat exhaustion

Question 28 Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system?

a)      Central

b)      Parasympathetic

c)      Sympathetic

d)     Somatic

Question 29 What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

a)      Idiopathic

b)      Incomplete

c)      Pathologic

d)     Greenstick

Question 30 What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

a)      Pelvic inflammatory disease

b)      Endometriosis

c)      Salpingitis

d)     Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 31 Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?

a)      Parietal lobe

b)      Limbic system

c)      Temporal lobe

d)     Hypothalamus .

Question 32 What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands?

a)      Enhancement of the motility of sperm

b)      Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule

c)      Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria

d)     Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse

Question 33 People with gout are at high risk for which co-morbid condition?

a)      Renal calculi

b)      Joint trauma

c)      Anemia

d)     Hearing loss

Question 34 The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:

a)      Fracture

b)      Strain

c)      Disunion

d)     Sprain

Question 35 Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

a)      Genetic

b)      Empirical

c)      Relative

d)     Modifiable

Question 36 Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?

a)      Twofold

b)      Threefold

c)      Fourfold

d)     Tenfold

Question 37 What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

a)      Reduced excretion of purines

b)      Overproduction of uric acid

c)      Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels

d)     Overproduction of proteoglycans

Question 38 It is true that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS):

a)      Is preceded by a viral illness.

b)      Involves a deficit in acetylcholine.

c)      Results in asymmetric paralysis.

d)     Is an outcome of HIV.

Question 39 The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder?

a)                  Osteogenesis imperfecta

b)                  Rickets

c)                  Osteochondrosis

d)                 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 

Question 40 Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

a)      Increased consumption of dairy produces

b)      Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C

c)      Decreased consumption of foods high in fat

d)     Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring

Question 41 The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder?

a)      Night terrors

b)      Insomnia

c)      Somnambulism

d)     Enuresis 

Question 42 Which virus is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer?

a)      Human papillomavirus (HPV)

b)      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

c)      Herpes simplex II virus (HSV)

d)     Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 43 What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

a)      Sharpey fibers

b)      Collagen fibers

c)      Glycoproteins

d)     Elastin fibers

Question 44 2/ 2 pts Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

a)      Parietal

b)      Chief

c)      G

d)     H

Question 45 Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion?

a)      Vitamin B6

b)      Vitamin B1

c)      Vitamin K

d)     Folic acid

Question 46 What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

a)      Breast enlargement

b)      Growth of pubic hair

c)      Menstruation

d)     Vaginal discharge

Question 47 Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure?

a)      Eyelids

b)      Sebaceous glands

c)      Meibomian glands

d)     Conjunctiva

Question 48 What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck?

a)      Down

b)      Cri du chat

c)      Turner

d)     Klinefelter

Question 49 A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

a)      3

b)      6

c)      9

d)     12

Question 50 Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

a)      Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces

b)      Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells

c)      Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas

d)     Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production

Question 51 Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome?

a)      Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair

b)      An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears

c)      High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90

d)     Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness

Question 52 Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ?

a)      Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina.

b)      Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus.

c)      Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus.

d)     Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina.

Question 53 How can glaucoma cause blindness?

a)      Infection of the cornea

b)      Pressure on the optic nerve

c)      Opacity of the lens

d)     Obstruction of the venous return from the retina

Question 54 Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s:

a)      Hypothalamus

b)      Anterior pituitary

c)      Frontal lobe

d)     Basal ganglia

 Question 55 Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?

a)      GCT Pattern theory

b)      Specificity theory

c)      Neuromatrix theory

Question 56 Where is oxytocin synthesized?

a)                  Hypothalamus

b)                  Paraventricular nuclei

c)                  Anterior pituitary

d)                 Posterior pituitary

Question 57 An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

a)                  C

b)                  B12

c)                  B6

d)                 D

Question 58 What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?

a)      Hypospadias

b)      Epispadias

c)      Hyperspadias

d)     Chordee

Question 59 The most critical aspect in ly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

a)      Computed tomographic (CT) scan

b)      Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

c)      Skull x-ray studies

d)     Health history

Question 60 Transcription is best defined as a process by which:

a)      DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on ribonucleic acid (RNA).

b)      RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides for protein synthesis.

c)      RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

d)     A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence.

Question 61 Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?

a)      An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday

b)      A depressed Hispanic woman

c)      An individual on the second day after hip replacement

d)     A man diagnosed with schizophrenia

Question 62 Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?

a)      Inhibin

b)      Leptin

c)      Activin

d)     Follistatin

Question 63 Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance?

a)                  Secretory

b)                  Motility

c)                  Osmotic

d)                 Small volume

Question 64 An amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women who:

a)      Have a history of chronic illness

b)      Have a family history of genetic disorders

c)      Have experienced in vitro fertilization

d)     Had a late menarche

Question 65 Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?

a)      Slow contraction speed

b)      Fast conduction velocities

c)      Profuse capillary supply

d)     Oxidative metabolism

Question 66 The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?

a)                  IgA

b)                  IgE

c)                  IgG

d)                 IgM

Question 67 Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?

a)                  Optic (CN I)

b)                  Abducens (CN VI)

c)                  Oculomotor (CN III)

d)                 Trochlear (CN IV)

Question 68 Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

a)                  Cortisol

b)                  Oxytocin

c)                  Epinephrine

d)                 Growth hormone

Question 69 What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

a)                  Periorbital edema

b)                  Scrotal or labial edema

c)                  Frothy urine

d)                 Ascites

Question 70 The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

a)                  Ovarian

b)                  Lung

c)                  Uterine

d)                 Pancreatic

Question 71 The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

a)                  Incidence

b)                  Prevalence

c)                  Ratio

d)                 Risk

Question 72 When a woman’s uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen, which grade of prolapse does this indicate?

a)                  0

b)                  1

c)                  2

d)                 3

Question 73 What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding?

a)                  Tolerance

b)                  Perception

c)                  Threshold

d)                 Dominance

Question 74 Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?

a)                  Premenstrual syndrome

b)                  Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

c)                  Polycystic ovary syndrome

d)                 Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 75 What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?

a)                  Agnosia

b)                  Aphasia

c)                  Akinesia

d)