NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam(Vers 4,NEW,75 Q&A):Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Version 4 , NEW): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing

Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Version 4 , LATEST): Advanced Pathophysiology

Question 1

What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Refractory

Threshold

Sinoatrial (SA)

Hyperpolarization

Question 2

What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?

106/58 mm Hg

104/55 mm Hg

112/62 mm Hg

121/70 mm Hg

Question 3

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

Yeast

Cancer cells

Fungus

Bacteria

Question 4

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 5

Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypokalemia

Question 6

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.

Question 7

What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

Hair loss

Nausea

Weight loss

Fatigue

Question 8

At birth, which statement is true?

Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.

Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.

Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.

Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.

Question 9

What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

Vitamin B₁₂ by injection

Cyanocobalamin by oral intake

Folate by oral intake

Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection

Question 10

Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection?

Cholera

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Sleeping sickness

Candida

Question 11

Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport.

The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system.

The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age.

The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake.

Question 12

Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?

Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.

Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.

Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.

Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.

Question 13

During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?

The nodes fill with purulent exudate.

B lymphocytes proliferate.

The nodes are not properly functioning.

The nodes are inflamed.

Question 14

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Starvation

Cardiovascular disease

Infectious disease

Traumatic injury

Question 15

Which renal change is found in older adults?

Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate

Decrease in urine output

Sharp decline in renal blood flow

Decrease in the number of nephrons

Question 16

After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months?

24 to 36

18 to 20

6 to 14

1 to 2

Question 17

Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis?

Neisseria syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Chlamydia trachomatis

Haemophilusducreyi

Question 18

The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

IgE

IgG

T cells

IgM

Question 19

Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:

Neutrophils

Basophils

Eosinophils

Monocytes

Question 20

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Spleen

Regional lymph nodes

Thymus gland

Bone marrow

Question 21

Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?

V

IX

X

VIII

Question 22

Which of the following causes condylomataacuminata or genital warts?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

Chlamydia

Adenovirus

Question 23

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful?

Alarm

Adaptation

Flight or fight

Arousal

Question 24

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Right atrium

Question 25

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Uromodulin

Urodilatin

Cystatin

Nephrin

Question 26

Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n):

Functional scar

Thecal follicle

Atretic follicle

Corpus luteum

Question 27

The most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

Health history

Computed tomographic (CT) scan

Skull x-ray studies

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Question 28

Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Alkaline phosphatase

Calcium

Total protein

Phosphorus

Question 29

How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?

It increases and strengthens the heart rate.

The release of epinephrine causes shivering.

It raises the metabolic rate.

It affects muscle tone.

Question 30

Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?

Premenstrual syndrome

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Primary dysmenorrhea

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 31

What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty?

It becomes thinner.

It becomes thicker.

It assumes a neutral pH.

It undergoes atrophy.

Question 32

Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?

Children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Less water is absorbed from the colon in children.

Fluid reserves are smaller in children.

Children have a higher fluid volume intake.

Question 33

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations

HLA associations and positive family history

Autoantibodies and obesity

Obesity and positive family history

Question 34

What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Endometriosis

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Salpingitis

Question 35

Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?

Tenfold

Fourfold

Threefold

Twofold

Question 36

Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

Ligament

Tendon

Bursa

Mesentery

Question 37

Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve?

Volvulus

Intussusception

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Malrotation

Question 38

The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:

Disunion

Fracture

Sprain

Strain

Question 39

Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Hyperkinesia

Paroxysmal

Tardive

Cardive

Question 40

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Growth hormone

Oxytocin

Epinephrine

Cortisol

Question 41

It is true that myasthenia gravis:

Is an acute autoimmune disease.

Causes muscle weakness.

May result in adrenergic crisis.

Affects the nerve roots.

Question 42

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?

Increases serum magnesium.

Decreases serum calcium.

Increases serum calcium.

Decreases serum magnesium.

Question 43

An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?

Embryonic

Chorionic

Alpha fetoprotein

Amniotic

Question 44

Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates?

Chymotrypsin

Trypsin

Amylase

Lipase

Question 45

What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain?

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Limbic system

Parietal lobe

Question 46

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

Calcium

Magnesium

Potassium

Sodium

Question 47

The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone?

Cortisol.

Insulin

Thyroxine

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 48

In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:

Disruption of the pituitary

Physiologic hormonal delays

Deficit in estrogen or testosterone

Disruption in the hypothalamus

Question 49

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney

Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder

Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys

Colonization of the bladder when urine is static

Question 50

Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?

Dementia syndrome

Delirium

Alzheimer disease

Parkinson disease

Question 51

Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection?

Estrogen levels are low.

The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.

Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.

A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.

Question 52

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

Incidence

Ratio

Risk

Prevalence

Question 53

Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome?

Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair

High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90

Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness

Question 54

Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon

Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint

Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament

Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow

Question 55

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?

Abducens (CN VI)

Trochlear (CN IV)

Optic (CN I)

Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 56

What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Gradual decrease in estrogen levels

Gradual increase in estrogen levels

Sudden increase of LH

Sharp rise in progesterone levels

Question 57

Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?

Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue

Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally

Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles

Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps

Question 58

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Lack of social interaction

Blunted affect

Auditory hallucinations

Poverty of speech

Question 59

What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

Collagen fibers

Elastin fibers

Sharpey fibers

Glycoproteins

Question 60

At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

Pyloric stenosis

Galactosemia

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Esophageal atresia

Question 61

Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure?

Sebaceous glands

Eyelids

Meibomian glands

Conjunctiva

Question 62

The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:

Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.

Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.

Question 63

What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout?

Spurs

Stones

Nodes

Tophi

Question 64

The presence of a zygote having one chromosome with the normal complement of genes and one with a missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder?

Cri du chat

Down syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Question 65

Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

Relative

Modifiable

Empirical

Genetic

Question 66

Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones?

Estrogen

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 67

Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Smoking

Hypertension

Polycythemia

Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus

Question 68

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone?

Synergistic

Direct

Permissive

Pharmacologic

Question 69

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation

Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation

Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction

Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling

Question 70

Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?

Hypothalamus

Limbic system

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

.
Question 71

Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?

A depressed Hispanic woman

A man diagnosed with schizophrenia

An individual with diabetes celebrating a 70th birthday

An individual on the second day after hip replacement

Question 72

Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of:

Calcium

Water

Sodium

Magnesium

Question 73

What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?

Hyperspadias

Hypospadias

Chordee

Epispadias

Question 74

Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition?

SSRIs

Estrogen

NSAIDs

Progesterone

Question 75

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

12

3

9

6