NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam(Vers 3,NEW,75 Q&A):Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Version 3 , NEW): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing

Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Version 3 , LATEST): Advanced Pathophysiology

Question 1

Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?

Hemolytic anemia

Pernicious anemia

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Myasthenia gravis

Question 2

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.

An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.

Question 3

What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?

Encephalocele

Meningocele

Spina bifida occulta

Myelomeningocele

Question 4

Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?

6 to 8 weeks

8 to 12 months

Until the iron level is normal

The rest of one’s life

Question 5

Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Leukotriene

Histamine

Prostaglandin

Bradykinin

Question 6

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of:

18.5 to 24.9

25 to 29.9

30 to 39.9

40 to 50.9

IncorrectQuestion 7

When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?

Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother’s circulation is no longer possible.

Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment.

The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form.

The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth.

Question 8

Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

Increasing rate and depth of breathing

Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction

Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen

Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin

Question 9

An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

Question 10

Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Human papillomavirus

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 11

When renin is released, it is capable of which action?

Inactivation of autoregulation

Direct activation of angiotensin II

Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Formation of angiotensin I

Question 12

What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

Greater quantities of histamine

More histamine receptors

Greater quantities of IgE

A deficiency in epinephrine

Question 13

What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Decreased erythrocyte count

Destruction of erythrocytes

Increased blood viscosity

Neurologic involvement

Question 14

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood?

Superior vena cava

Aorta

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary veins

Question 15

Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize:

Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine

Renin, erythropoietin, and antidiuretic hormone

Aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

Question 16

What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)?

20%

25%

33%

50%

Question 17

Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

Blood vessels

Epithelial cells

Connective tissue

Glandular tissue

Question 18

Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Question 19

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

Infectivity

Toxigenicity

Pathogenicity

Virulence

Question 20

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

Question 21

Which cancer originates from connective tissue?

Osteogenic sarcoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Multiple myeloma

Adenocarcinoma

Question 22

Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure?

Iron

Erythropoietin

Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)

Folate

Question 23

Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

Monocytes

Platelets

Macrophages

Erythrocytes

Question 24

What is the term for a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull?

Encephalocele

Meningocele

Arachnoidocele

Cephacephalocele

Question 25

A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

Hemolytic shock

Anaphylaxis

Necrotizing vasculitis

Systemic erythematosus

Question 26

Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?

Slow contraction speed

Fast conduction velocities

Profuse capillary supply

Oxidative metabolism

Question 27

What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

Idiopathic

Incomplete

Pathologic

Greenstick

Question 28

What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain?

Limbic system

Parietal lobe

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Question 29

The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is:

Posterior

Inferior

Anterior

Superior

Question 30

Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Paroxysmal

Tardive

Hyperkinesia

Cardive

Question 31

Which term is also used to refer to paradoxic sleep?

Non-REM

Light

REM

Delta wave

Question 32

Which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome?

Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair

An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears

High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90

Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness

IncorrectQuestion 33

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Hypothalamus

Paraventricular nuclei

Anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

IncorrectQuestion 34

What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Kaposi sarcoma

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Question 35

Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

Hemorrhagic

Thrombotic

Embolic

Lacunar

Question 36

How many days does it take for the entire epithelial population of the small intestines to be replaced?

30 to 45

15 to 25

7 to 15

4 to 7

Question 37

What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?

Agnosia

Aphasia

Akinesia

Dysphasia

Question 38

Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of:

Decreased production of aqueous humor

Increased production of vitreous humor

Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor

Excessive destruction of vitreous humor

Question 39

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Chondrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma

Ewing Sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Question 40

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Diet high in saturated fats

Increased production of cholesterol by the liver

Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces

Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Question 41

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

Sodium intake

Physical inactivity

Psychosocial stress

Obesity

Question 42

Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

Thyroxine

Aldosterone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Insulin

Question 43

When does the male body begin to produce sperm?

Before birth

Shortly after birth

At puberty

When erection is possible

Question 44

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)?

IgA

IgE

IgG

IgM

Question 45

Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Phosphorus

Calcium

Alkaline phosphatase

Total protein

Question 46

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

Reduced excretion of purines

Overproduction of uric acid

Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels

Overproduction of proteoglycans

Question 47

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Haemophilus

Question 48

Considering the mediating factors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which medication may be used either continually or only during the menstrual period as a treatment for the condition?

NSAIDs

Estrogen

SSRIs

Progesterone

Question 49

What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation?

Down syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Question 50

Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell?

Potassium

Calcium

Sodium

Phosphorus

Question 51

Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Estrogen

Question 52

The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone?

Thyroxine

Insulin

Cortisol.

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 53

Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor?

Norepinephrine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Serotonin

Dopamine

Question 54

In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:

Disruption in the hypothalamus

Disruption of the pituitary

Deficit in estrogen or testosterone

Physiologic hormonal delays

Question 55

Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?

Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally

Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles

Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps

Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue

Question 56

What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty?

It becomes thinner.

It becomes thicker.

It assumes a neutral pH.

It undergoes atrophy.

Question 57

What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

Breast enlargement

Growth of pubic hair

Menstruation

Vaginal discharge

Question 58

Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact?

Dislocation

Subluxation

Malunion

Nonunion

Question 59

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

Small channels called canaliculi

Osteocytes within the lacunae

Tiny spaces within the lacunae

Haversian system

Question 60

What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

Sharpey fibers

Collagen fibers

Glycoproteins

Elastin fibers

Question 61

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of:

Positive feedback

Negative feedback

Neural regulation

Physiologic regulation

Question 62

Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?

Premenstrual syndrome

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 63

The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian system) in utero?

Estrogen

Progesterone

Growth hormone

Testosterone

Question 64

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces

Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells

Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas

Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production

Question 65

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Thyroxine (T₄)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Triiodothyronine (T₃)

Question 66

An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

C

B₁₂

B₆

D

Question 67

What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands?

Enhancement of the motility of sperm

Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule

Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria

Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse

Question 68

Which hormone triggers uterine contractions?

Thyroxine

Oxytocin

Growth hormone

Insulin

Question 69

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Heads of the femur

Distal femurs

Heads of the humerus

Distal tibias

Question 70

An individual’s genetic makeup is referred to as his or her:

Phenotype

Genotype

Heterozygous locus

Homozygous locus

Question 71

What term is used to identify the calcium crystals that are associated with chronic gout?

Stones

Spurs

Tophi

Nodes

Question 72

Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Parietal

Chief

G

H

Question 73

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

3

6

9

12

Question 74

A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:

Partial insulin secretion

An autoimmune cause factor

Insulin resistance

Obesity as a common risk factor

Question 75

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?

Optic (CN I)

Abducens (CN VI)

Oculomotor (CN III)

Trochlear (CN IV)