NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam/NR507 Week 8 Final Exam(Vers. 1,NEW,75 Q/A):Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam / NR507 Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1 ,NEW,75 Q/A): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing (Updated Complete Solutions, Download to Score A)

Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam / Chamberlain NR507 Final Exam (Version 1 , LATEST): Advanced Pathophysiology

Question1.

What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?

 Encephalocele

 Meningocele

 Spina bifida occulta

 Myelomeningocele

Question 2.

What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue?

 Glomerular filtration rate

 Hourly urine output

 Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

 The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine

Question 3.

Where are Langerhans cells found?

 Skin

 Intestinal lining

 Kidney

 Thyroid

Question 4.

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

 Trachea

 Segmental bronchi

 Alveolocapillary membrane

 Main bronchus

Question 5.

The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by:

 2 years

 1 year

 10 months

 5 months

Question 6.

When renin is released, it is capable of which action?

 Inactivation of autoregulation

 Direct activation of angiotensin II

 Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

 Formation of angiotensin I

Question 7.

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant?

 Immunotope

 Paratope

 Epitope

 Antigenitope

Question 8.

Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea?

 Syphilis

 Herpes simplex virus

 Chlamydia

 Chancroid

Question 9.

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

 Reticulocyte count

 Serum transferring

 Hemoglobin

 Serum vitamin B₁₂

Question 10.

Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

 Blood vessels

 Epithelial cells

 Connective tissue

 Glandular tissue

Question 11.

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

 Viruses

 Bacteria and fungi

 Protozoa and Rickettsiae

 Mycoplasma

Question 12.

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

 Atrial septal defect (ASD)

 Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

 Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

Question 13.

An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom?

 Intermittent murmur

 Lack of symptoms

 Need for surgical repair

 Triad of congenital defects

Question 14.

What is the function of erythrocytes?

 Tissue oxygenation

 Hemostasis

 Infection control

 Allergy response

Question 15.

Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively?

 Liposarcoma, lipoma

 Lipoma, liposarcoma

 Adisarcoma, adipoma

 Adipoma, adisarcoma

Question 16.

What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)?

 20%

 25%

 33%

 50%

Question 17.

What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

 Nasal turbinates

 Alveolar macrophages

 Cilia

 Irritant receptors on the nares

Question 18.

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland?

 Posterior pituitary

 Thyroid

 Parathyroid

 Anterior pituitary

Question 19.

Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?

 The virus does not circulate in the blood.

 It does not have antibody receptors.

 It resists agglutination.

 The virus is a soluble antigen.

Question 20.

Which renal change is found in older adults?

 Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate

 Sharp decline in renal blood flow

 Decrease in the number of nephrons

 Decrease in urine output

Question 21.

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

 IgA

 IgE

 IgG

 IgM

Question 22.

Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?

 Norepinephrine

 Epinephrine

 Cortisol

 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 23.

Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

 The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport.

 The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system.

 The antibodies are directly related to the mother’s nutritional intake.

 The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age.

Question 24.

The function of the tumor cell marker is to:

 Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer.

 Treat certain types of cancer.

 Predict where cancers will develop.

 Screen individuals at high risk for cancer.

Question 25.

Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection?

 Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.

 Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.

 Fungal infections release endotoxins.

 Vaccines prevent fungal infections.

Question 26.

Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection?

 The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.

 A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.

 Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.

 Estrogen levels are low.

Question 27.

The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

 Relativity

 Survivability

 Prevalence

 Incidence

Question 28.

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

 Sodium intake

 Physical inactivity

 Psychosocial stress

 Obesity

Question 29.

Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n):

 Atretic follicle

 Thecal follicle

 Corpus luteum

 Functional scar

Question 30.

The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder?

 Osteogenesis imperfecta

 Rickets

 Osteochondrosis

 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 31.

What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding?

 Tolerance

 Perception

 Threshold

 Dominance

Question 32.

Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of:

 Magnesium

 Calcium

 Sodium

 Water

Question 33.

Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

 Hemorrhagic

 Thrombotic

 Embolic

 Lacunar

Question 34.

Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?

 Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally

 Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles

 Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps

 Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue

Question 35.

Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?

 Heat cramps

 Heat stroke

 Malignant hyperthermia

 Heat exhaustion

Question 36.

What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

 Pelvic inflammatory disease

 Endometriosis

 Salpingitis

 Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 37.

Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

 Thyroxine

 Aldosterone

 Follicle-stimulating hormone

 Insulin

Question 38.

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor?

 Hypothalamus

 Anterior pituitary

 Mammary glands

 Posterior pituitary

Question 39.

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

 Diet high in saturated fats

 Increased production of cholesterol by the liver

 Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces

 Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Question 40.

Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

 Genetic

 Empirical

 Relative

 Modifiable

Question 41.

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

 Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation

 Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling

 Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction

 Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation

Question 42.

Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?

 Twofold

 Threefold

 Fourfold

 Tenfold

Question 43.

Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones?

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

 Luteinizing hormone (LH)

 Estrogen

Question 44.

A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome?

 Turner

 Klinefelter

 Down

 Fragile X

Question 45.

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

 Blunted affect

 Auditory hallucinations

 Poverty of speech

 Lack of social interaction

Question 46.

What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?

 Agnosia

 Aphasia

 Akinesia

 Dysphasia

Question 47.

Consanguinity refers to the mating of persons:

 Who are unrelated

 When one has an autosomal dominant disorder

 Having common family relations

 When one has a chromosomal abnormality

Question 48.

The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain?

 Thalamus

 Brainstem

 Frontal lobe

 Hypothalamus

Question 49.

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

 Sodium

 Potassium

 Calcium

 Magnesium

Question 50.

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

 Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney

 Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys

 Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder

 Colonization of the bladder when urine is static

Question 51.

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

 3

 6

 9

 12

Question 52.

What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

 Periorbital edema

 Scrotal or labial edema

 Frothy urine

 Ascites

Question 53.

An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?

 Chorionic

 Alpha fetoprotein

 Amniotic

 Embryonic

Question 54.

What is the risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases?

 10%

 30%

 50%

 70%

Question 55.

Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact?

 Dislocation

 Subluxation

 Malunion

 Nonunion

Question 56.

The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:

 Fracture

 Strain

 Disunion

 Sprain

Question 57.

Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?

 Less water is absorbed from the colon in children.

 Fluid reserves are smaller in children.

 Children have a higher fluid volume intake.

 Children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Question 58.

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

 Ovarian

 Lung

 Uterine

 Pancreatic

Question 59.

Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell?

 Potassium

 Calcium

 Sodium

 Phosphorus

Question 60.

What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?

 Procallus

 Joint capsule

 Hematoma

 Elastin fibers

Question 61.

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

 Cortisol

 Oxytocin

 Epinephrine

 Growth hormone

Question 62.

The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?

 IgA

 IgE

 IgG

 IgM

Question 63.

The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder?

 Night terrors

 Insomnia

 Somnambulism

 Enuresis

Question 64.

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

 Small channels called canaliculi

 Osteocytes within the lacunae

 Tiny spaces within the lacunae

 Haversian system

Question 65.

Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s:

 Hypothalamus

 Anterior pituitary

 Frontal lobe

 Basal ganglia

Question 66.

Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?

 GCT

 Pattern theory

 Specificity theory

 Neuromatrix theory

Question 67.

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)?

 IgA

 IgE

 IgG

 IgM

Question 68.

What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

 Idiopathic

 Incomplete

 Pathologic

 Greenstick

Question 69.

An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on these data, which disorder does the nurse suspect?

 Congenital aganglionic megacolon

 Intussusception

 Malrotation

 Volvulus

Question 70.

In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:

 Disruption in the hypothalamus

 Disruption of the pituitary

 Deficit in estrogen or testosterone

 Physiologic hormonal delays

Question 71.

Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?

 Slow contraction speed

 Fast conduction velocities

 Profuse capillary supply

 Oxidative metabolism

Question 72.

Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?

 Dementia syndrome

 Delirium

 Alzheimer disease

 Parkinson disease

Question 73.

Which hormone triggers uterine contractions?

 Thyroxine

 Oxytocin

 Growth hormone

 Insulin

Question 74.

How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?

 The release of epinephrine causes shivering.

 It affects muscle tone.

 It raises the metabolic rate.

 It increases and strengthens the heart rate.

Question 75.

Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?

 Inhibin

 Leptin

 Activin

 Follistatin