Rasmussen College - Professional Nursing PN2 Exam #2 Study Guide: Fall 2020

Rasmussen College - Professional Nursing PN2 Exam #2 Study Guide: Fall 2020. Last minute PN2 exam study guide for information you MUST know to pass your exam.

ASTHMA • Characterized by exacerbations of acute airway inflammation • Airway obstruction occurs d/t bronchoconstriction, mucous, or inflammation when exposed to trigger EPITAXIS • Nos e bleed – d/t trauma, allergies, drug use • Most frequent ED complaint COPD • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – emphysema & chronic bronchitis • Causes= air pollution, occupation, smoking RAYNAUD’S DISEASE • Bilateral vasospasms; peripheral artery occlusive disease triggered by cold & stress ALLERGIC RHINITIS Prevention: • Remove carpet CYSTIC FIBROSIS • An inherited, recessive, chronic, progressive, and frequently fatal disease of the body’s exocrine mucus producing glands PNEUMONIA • Acute or chronic infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria or virus Risk Factors: BUERGER’S DISEASE • Occlusive disease mostly in small/medium arteries • Associated with clot formation and fibrosis of vessel wall ANEMIA • Low hemoglobin (RBC) level • 1st cause = blood loss/hemorrhage • 2nd cause = decreased RBC production d/t malnutrition, renal disease, or bone marrow suppression • 3rd cause = destruction of RBC/abnormal RBC structure (sickle cell anemia=crescent shaped) TONSILLITIS • History of otitis media, hearing difficulties, sore throat w/ swallowing AORTIC ANEURYSM • Permanent bulging and stretching of an artery – dilated 2x or greater in size • Most common = Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Risk Factors: HEMOPHILIA • Hereditary bleeding disorder resulting in deficient clotting factors (VII, IX, & X) • Hemophilia A= VII deficient, from mothers to sons • Hemophilia B= Christmas disease, from mothers to sons • Hemophilia C= IX deficient, autosomal recessive HEART FAILURE • Heart cannot efficiently pump blood throughout the body – heart doesn’t fill with enough blood or pump with enough force • Compensates by increasing HR which dilates ventricles (increased HR = decreased cardiac output) CARDIAC/HF MEDICATIONS Diuretics: • HF, HTN, DCM • *Monitor for dehydration, hyponatremia, & hypokalemia DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY (DCM) • Disease of heart muscle resulting in dilated heart chamber (balloon expanding) • Decreases force in heart contraction • Leads to weak & thin heart wall – similar to right & left HF • Associated with CHD, heart valve disease, & HTN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS • Destructive infection of the heart’s inner lining (endocardium) or the heart valves Etiology/Causes: HYPERTENSION • The harder the heart muscle works the greater the pressure on heart wall • Defined as BP >140/90 on two separate readings, at two different times • Normal BP= 120/80 PULSE PRESSURE Systolic – Diastolic = Pulse Pressure Example: BP= 120/80, PP= 40 PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE (PAD) • Plaque form on the arterial walls, trapping emboli and causing blood flow to cease distally TUBERCULOSIS • Cough lasting 2+ weeks • Weight loss – 3lbs/week considered significant • Fever, night sweats • Weakness • Hemoptysis – progressed stage ARTERIO & ATHERO-SCLEROSIS • Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the small arteries • Atherosclerosis: accumulation of plaque in large arteries