University of Missouri - SOCIOLOGY 3600: Criminology: Exam 1 Study Notes Chapter 1-14.

THE FOLLOWING WELL WRITTEN STUDY NOTES COVER CHAPTER 1 TO 13 AND CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS; Chapter 1: Crime & Criminology Science of Crime What Criminologists Do Sociology of Law/Law & S ociety/Socio-Legal Studies Develop Theories of Crime Causation & Criminal Behavior Systems Develop Theories of Crime Causation & Criminal Behavior Systems Victimology: What is the role of the victim History of Criminology Positivist Criminology (19th Century) Early Criminological Positivism Biological Determinism Sociological Criminology (19th Century) Deviant Vs. Criminal Concepts of Crime Definition of Crime Social Goals of Criminal Law Criminal Justice System Ethical Issues for Criminologist Chapter 2: The Nature & Extent of Crime The Nature & Extent of Crime Primary Sources of Crime Data Uniform Crime Report National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Survey Reports National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Self-Report Surveys Evaluating Data Crime Patterns Gender & Crime Social Class & Crime Race & Crime Career Criminals Determinants of Police Force Size Pursuing Intersectionality Findings Chapter 3: Victim & Victimization The Victim’s Role Economic Loss Costs to Victims Nature of Victimization Victim Characteristics Target Vulnerability: Weakness makes them an easy target Theories or Victimization Caring for the Victim Chapter 4: Choice Theory Choice Theory Why do people commit crime? Controlling Crime Deterrence Theories Policy Implications of Choice Theory End of Exam 1: Chapter 5: Trait Theory Trait Theory Contemporary Trait Theory Biological Trait Theory Psychological Trait Theory Psychological Trait View Pedophilia As A Cognitive Problem Social Policy & Trait Theory Chapter 6: Social Stricture Theory Social Structure Theory Intersecting Stratification Ideology of Isms Social Structure Theories Social Disorganization Theory Suicide as a Social Fact Strain Theories Merton’s Categories Strain Theories Critiques of Strain Conceptual Hierarchy Ways of Thinking About Culture Cultural Deviance Theory Social Structure & Social Policy Chapter 7: Social Process Theories Where do we learn? Social Learning Theory Differential Association Differential Association Theory Neutralization Theory Neutralization Techniques Social Control Theory Labeling Theory Research On Social Reaction Theory Social Process Theory & Public Opinion Chapter 9: Developmental Theories Developmental Theories Life Course Theory Life Course Fundamentals Offense Specialization/ Generalization Problem Behavior Syndrome Age Graded Theory Propensity Theory General Theory of Crime Analyzing General Theory of Crime Pathways To Crime Public Policy & Developmental Theory Chapter 8: Social Conflict & Critical Criminology Critical Criminology Conflict Theory Alienation The End of Capitalism, or Communism Critiques Early Critical Criminology Contemporary Critical Criminology Concerns Defining Crime State Organized Crime Differences in Research Research on Critical Criminology Left Realism Critical Feminist Theory Exploration & Criminality Power: Control Theory Peacemaking Criminology Solving Crime The Rich Get Richer & The Poor Get Prison Why Hasn’t it Worked? Excuses for High Crime Cost of Modern Life Blame It On the Kids Known Sources of Crime What Works to Reduce Crime Chapter 2: A Crime by Any Other Name What’s in a name? The Carnival Mirror The Art of Social Justice Harm = Harm? A desire to harm vs. a desire for profit The Defenders of the Present Legal Order • Someone who purposely harms another is really more evil than Dangers to your Health Causes of Death Chapter 10: Violent Crime Types of Violence Types of Violence Violent Crime Murder & Homicide • Intimate partner relations Serial Killer: A person who lolls three or more persons in three or more separate events Violent Crimes Rape Types, Causes, & Persecution of Rape Types • Date Rape • Marital Rape • Statutory Rape Emerging Violent Crimes Chapter 11: Political Crime & Terrorism Political Crime & Terrorism Defining Political Crime Political Crimes Political Crimes Who Fits This Definition? Types of Terrorism “The West isn’t a place, it’s a project” A Critique of Colonialism Learning From The Other Nationalism = Racism Official Stories Why did the U.S invade Afghanistan • Retaliation for “nine-eleven” Why did the U.S invade Iraq? • Threat of Saddam Hussein having access to WMDs Bringing Colonialism to U.S. Weeding Out The Rich Three interview segments of Eric Fair Three interview segments of Eric Fair • http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/7/a_torturer_s_confession_former_abu • http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/7/ex_abu_ghraib_interrogator_israelis_trained, • http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/7/former_abu_ghraib_interrogator_because_of Chapter 12: Economic Crimes History of Theft Blue Collar Crimes White Collar Crime Controlling White-Collar Crime Economic Crimes Green Collar Crime: Actions & outcomes that harm the environment, usually when profit outweighs safety Green Collar Crimes Ecology & Inequality Environmental Racism Environmental Justice Framewo Sex-Related Offenses Legality of Sexuality in The United States Defense or Marriage Act Sex Related Offenses Substance Abuse Why Is The Criminal Justice System Failing? What Keeps Us From Changing? Chapter 14: Crimes Of The New Millennium Cyber Crime Transitional Organized Crime Protecting Society (Reiman & Leighton) Promoting Justice (Reiman & Leighton)