Environmental protection and management：IMPACT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES ON ENVIRONMENT (11 Pages)

Introduction Research and prepare a review of a named environmental pollutant or contaminant of your choice, and discuss: 1. The effect of specific land use practices on the dispersal of these pollu tants to ground, surface and coastal waters, and/or target site; 2. The impacts of the pollutant on water quality, the environment, and/or ecosystem function; 3. Cost effective measures for mitigating the impacts of these land use practices The review should be illustrated with specific case studies or examples. Possible pollutants/pollutant groups to consider are: Sediment, nitrates, phosphates, ammonium, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphate insecticides, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, pathogenic bacteria, toxic metals, organic matter, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, thermal pollution, oestrogenic compounds, arsenic, aluminium, light pollution, etc Possible Land Use Practices include forestry, arable farming, livestock farming, drainage, urbanisation, mining, sewage treatment, industry (e.g. paper making, dyeing, metalworking, oil refining, retailing), road construction, airport construction etc... Objectives The preparation and presentation of this essay is intended to encourage students to: 1) explore and develop original ideas. 2) promote investigational and interpretative skills. 3) strengthen presentational skills, especially in the written medium. 4) demonstrate an ability to 'getting your message across' to decision makers and land users who have the power to act on your recommendations. Assignment Submit an essay of approximately 2000 words. Approval should be sought with the course organiser on the chosen 'pollutant/contaminant' before proceeding. However, it is essentially the student's ideas and initiative which are important. A full list of reference material used must be included (but will not count towards the word limit). A word count (excluding references) must appear in the top right of the first page. Administration The ESSAY must be submitted by noon of Friday 6th April 2017 as an electronic copy via Learn. If required, the Course Secretary, Elspeth Martin, can provide guidance on uploading submissions. An ESSAY: With reference to a named environmental pollutant or contaminant of your choice, discuss the effect of specific land use practices on the dispersal of these pollutants to ground, surface and coastal waters, and/or target site; the impacts of the pollutant on water quality, the environment, and/or ecosystem function; and cost effective measures for mitigating the impacts of these land use practices. Illustrate your work with specific case studies or examples. This must be submitted before noon on Friday 16th March, 2020, and accounts for 50% of the total marks. Prepare a POSTER presentation to communicate the main points of the essay. Emphasis should be on getting your message across to decision makers and land users who have the power to act on your recommendations. Provide a printed A4 version of your poster, and an abstract of your poster (covering no more than a single A4 page) on the day of the poster presentation. The poster presentations will be marked on four points: (1) technical content; (2) quality of text and graphics; (3) verbal explanation; (4) the abstract. Posters will be presented on Monday 26th March and Monday 2nd April 2017. An electronic copy of the poster and the abstract will need to be submitted before noon on Friday 16th March, 2017. This portion of the assessment accounts for the remaining 50% of the total marks. References Bester, K. (2007). Personal care compounds in the environment: pathways, fate and methods for determination. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH. Dallas, L. J., Keith-Roach, M., Lyons, B. P., & Jha, A. N. (2012). Assessing the Impact of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates: A Critical Review. Radiation Research. 177, 693-716. Caceres, T. (2017). Fate, bioavailability and bioremediation of fenamiphos and its metabolites in soil. Thesis / Dissertation ETD. Damalas, Christos A., & Eleftherohorinos, Ilias G. (2016). Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI). http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3108117. El Alfy, M., & Faraj, T. (2017). Spatial distribution and health risk assessment for groundwater contamination from intensive pesticide use in arid areas. Environmental Geochemistry and Health : Official Journal of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 39, 231-253. Enger, E. D., & Smith, B. F. (2004). Environmental science: a study of interrelationships. Rasul, G., & Thapa, G. B. (2003). Sustainability analysis of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh. World Development : the Multi-Disciplinary International Journal Devoted to the Study and Promotion of World Development. Robbins, P. (2007). Encyclopedia of environment and society. Sage Publications. Sanborn. (2013). Organophosphates: Chemistry, Fate and Effects, Janice E. Chambers and Patricia E. Levi, Academic Press, 1992, 443 pp., $69.95. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 45, 248-248