Liberty University PHIL 201 Module Week 3 Study Guide Lesson 9 complete solutions correct answers A+

Liberty University PHIL 201 Module Week 3 Study Guide Lesson 9 complete solutions correct answers A+

Study Guide Lesson 7

Study Guide Lesson 8

Study Guide: Lesson 9

The Mind/Body Problem

Lesson Overview

In this lesson, we take on one of the most puzzling issues in metaphysics—the relationship between the immaterial mind and the material body. What is the nature of this relationship? Are there 2 substances, mind and body, or is it possible to reduce these to just 1 substance, mind or body? This is not just an abstract philosophical question, for it goes to the heart of who we are and has implications for psychology, morality, and theology.

Tasks

View and take notes from the presentation, “The Mind/Body Problem.”

View and take notes of the presentation, “Proposed Solutions to the Mind/Body Problem.”

Read Chapter 3 of Metaphysics: Constructing a World View, “Minds and Bodies.” As you do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:

• Know Hasker’s statement of the mystery of the mind and body (and its difference from the problem as stated in the power point presentations).
• Explain the distinction between mental and physical properties.
• What is Behaviorism’s way of avoiding the problem?
• What is Idealism’s way of avoiding the problem?
• Identify the problems with behaviorism and idealism.
• What is the meaning of dualism and dualistic interactionism?
• What arguments/advantages of dualism and what are the problems with this view?
• Explain the meaning of materialism and the identity theory.
• Identify the arguments/advantages of materialism and problems with the view.
• Explain the meaning of emergentism.
• Compare and contrast the mind (soul) of dualism with emergentism.
• Know the following problem of life after death for emergentism (also note the problem mentioned in the power point presentations with epiphenomalism—it may hold with Hasker’s emergentism as well).
• Explain the meaning of John Hick’s view of resurrection as re-creation and the problems with such a view.

Terms

Make sure you can explain the following terms and concepts:

·         Substance Dualism

·         Causal Relationship

·         Contiguity

·         Priority

·         Necessary Connection

·         The Mind/Body Problem

·         Interactionism

·         Parallelism

·         Pre-Established Harmony

·         Occasionalism

·         Epiphenomenalism

·         Idealism

·         Materialism

·         Physical Property

·         Mental Property

·         Philosophical Behaviorism

·         Identity Theory

·         Emergentism

·         Re-Embodied vs. Re-Created

Study Guide: Lesson 7

Introducing Metaphysics

Lesson Overview

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions of reality. Since it deals with literally everything that exists, it is perhaps the broadest branch of philosophy. However, we will briefly spend time in this area. In this lesson, we will introduce some of the questions that we seek to answer in metaphysics as well as some basic metaphysical terminology you will need to master as we discuss metaphysical issues. We will also discuss the issue of method in arriving at answers to our metaphysical questions.

Tasks

Review and take notes of the presentation, “Metaphysical Terminology.”

• Know the 4 characteristics of properties.
• Know the 4 characteristics of substances.
• Know the different kinds of properties and substances.
• Know the difference between property, substance, and essence.
• Know three different view of essence.

Read Chapter 1 of Metaphysics: Constructing a World View, “Introducing Metaphysics.” As you do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:

·         Explain the 3 metaphysical questions.

·         What is the meaning of ultimately real?

·         Why is “man’s place in the real” significant?

·         Know the method for doing metaphysics and the 2 rules of thumb.

·         Identify the 3 kinds of beliefs we may take as our staring point in metaphysical investigation.

·         Explain the role of authority in metaphysical investigation including the different types of authorities.

·         Describe the relationship between Christian theology and philosophical investigation (noting the important distinctions).

·         What is the function of a metaphysical theory?

·         Explain 3 ways we can evaluate metaphysical theories.

Terms

Make sure you can explain the following terms and concepts:

·         Property

·         Accidental Property

·         Essential Property

·         Substance

·         Universal

·         Particular

·         Essence

·         Metaphysical Realism

·         Nominalism

·         Conceptualism

·         Basic Constituent

·         Wholism

·         Metaphysical Data

·         Legal Authority

·         Expert Authority

·         Religious Authority

·         Factual Adequacy

·         Logical Consistency

·         Explanatory Power

Study Guide: Lesson 8

Free Will and Determinism

Lesson Overview

In this lesson, we examine our first metaphysical question: Does man really have free will or are his choices ultimately determined by factors outside of his control? Is it some combination of the 2? Finally, what part does God play in this question? We will look at a number of responses to these questions and critique them.

Tasks

View and take notes from the presentation, “Free Will and Determinism.”

Read Chapter 2 of Metaphysics: Constructing a World View, “Freedom and Necessity.” As you do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:

• Identify the preliminary problems and objections to free choice.
• Explain the meanings of determinism and libertarianism.
• Know the meaning of compatibilism, its benefits, and its problems.
• What are 2 misconceptions of determinism?
• Explain the arguments for determinism: psychological and scientific.
• List and explain Problem with determinism’s arguments.
• What is the misconception of libertarianism?
• Explain the following arguments for libertarianism: intuitive experience, morality, and rationality.
• What are determinist’s responses to the moral and rational arguments?
• Explain the meaning and problem of predestination/theological determinism.
• What is the meaning and problem of divine foreknowledge?
• Know various proposed solutions to the problem of foreknowledge.
• Explain the meaning of divine timelessness and its solution to the problem of foreknowledge.

Terms

Make sure you can explain the following terms and concepts:

·         Determinism

·         Libertarianism

·         Compatibilism/Soft-Determinism

·         Immediate Cause

·         Proximate Cause

·         Prior Cause

·         Psychological Determinism

·         Methodological Assumption

·         Clockwork Universe

·         Predestination

·         Divine Foreknowledge

·         Divine Timelessness