ATI PN COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE-2024

• Cramps in legs after exercise • Blackish ulcerations on the skin • Extreme sensitivity to hot & cold • Pain in digits • Weak/thread peripheral pulses • Diagnostics: • Plethysmograph studies of the digits (early stages) • Doppler U/S • Arteriograms – the extent disease process 10 ••• • • ANEMIA • Low hemoglobin (RBC) level • 1 st cause = blood loss/hemorrhage • 2 nd cause = decreased RBC production d/t malnutrition, renal disease, or bonemarrow suppression • 3 rd cause = destruction of RBC/abnormal RBC structure (sickle cell anemia=crescent shaped) • Clinical Manifestations: • Fatigue • Weakness • Tachycardia • Hypotension • Hypoxia, SOB • Pallor • Chest pain • Diagnostics: • Full CBC • Iron studies & Serum B12 • Haptoglobin & Erythropoietin • Bone Marrow Aspiration • Treatment: • Iron replacement PO/IV • Vitamin B12 IM/PO • Folic Acid PO (green leafy veggies, liver, fruits, cereal) • Erythropoietin • RBC infusion • O2 administration (especially in the sickle cell) • Hemodynamic & cardiac monitoring • TONSILLITIS • History of otitis media, hearing difficulties, sore throat w/ swallowing • Clinical Manifestations: • Sore throat, change/loss of voice • Reddened tonsils • Swollen/tender neck lymph nodes • Fever • White/yellow coating on tonsils • Snoring • Diagnostics: • Throat culture for group A strep. & bacterial infection • CT if the infection is present to see if it spread to the neck region • Pre-op CBC to assess for anemia/infections • Tonsillectomy Education: • Report= signs of hemorrhage, fever, excessive vomiting, u