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Comparative Essay

From Physics, General Physics
Due on 08 May, 2017 12:00:00
Asked On 02 May, 2017 04:05:40
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5wildwest
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Choose 1 of the following topics for your Comparative Essay:

1. Original creation of the earth (nebular hypothesis vs. six-day creation),

2. Geologic time (billions of years vs. thousands of years),

3. Dating the rocks of the grand canyon (old earth vs. young earth),

4. Geologic paradigms (uniformitarianism vs. catastrophism), or

5. Radiocarbon dating (old-earth vs. young-earth methods/assumptions).

Content and Outline

Use the following outline when writing your paper. Each point on the outline below must be a separate section (with the section heading, as indicated) within your paper.

I. Introduction

· Indicate which topic you chose from the list above.

· Indicate the purpose of your paper (i.e., to compare old-earth and young-earth viewpoints on your chosen topic).

II. Old-Earth Secular View

· What is the old-earth secular viewpoint on your chosen topic?

o Do not discuss the old-earth creationist viewpoint on your chosen topic. For a description of old-earth creationism, go to http://www.icr.org/article/4535/.

III. Young-Earth View

· What is the young-earth viewpoint on your chosen topic?

IV. Comparison of the Viewpoints

· Comparison is articulating similarities between the 2 viewpoints.

· Be sure to provide at least 2 similarities (comparisons) between the viewpoints.

V. Contrast of the Viewpoints

· Contrast is articulating differences between the 2 viewpoints.

· Be sure to provide at least 2 differences (contrasts) between the viewpoints.

VI. Conclusion

· Provide a summary statement for your paper.

· Be sure to restate your purpose.

· Do not introduce new material in your conclusion.

Length

This paper must be 1,000–1,500 words. Do not exceed this word limit. The title page and bibliography page do not count toward this word total.

Format

There is no need to include an abstract in your paper.

Sources

Your Comparative Essay must include at least 4 scholarly sources in addition the course textbooks. Of these required sources, 2 must be from an old-earth perspective and 2 from a young-earth perspective. Acceptable sources include journal articles, manuscripts, scholarly textbooks, and/or internet sites from .edu or .gov sources. Avoid internet sites from .com, .net, .org, etc. as the information contained therein is not often peer reviewed. There are exceptions to this rule (e.g., the Institute for Creation Research site is a .org site, but it has been judged a reputable site by those in the young-earth community); however, as a general rule, avoid these sites. In particular, avoid Wikipedia. Study Bibles are also not appropriate for this assignment.

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[Solved] radiocarbon dating

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Submitted On 03 May, 2017 05:45:55

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Mainajosphatw
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Introduction This paper will take you through the basic information about the radiocarbon dating, the common methods of measurement and varous assumptions related to the radiocarbon dating. Basics of radiocarbon dating The term “radiocarbon” is commonly used to denote 14C, an isotope of carbon which is radioactive with a half-life of about 5730 years. 14C is produced by cosmic rays in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. It is then distributed throughout the rest of the troposphere, the oceans, and Earth’s other exchangeable carbon reservoirs. In the surface atmosphere, about one part per trillion (ppt) of carbon is 14C.All organisms absorb carbon from their environment. Those that absorb their carbon directly or indirectly from the surface atmosphere have about 1ppt of their carbon content as 14C. Such organisms comprise almost all land-dwelling plants and animals. (Other organisms—e.g. fish—have slightly less of their carbon as 14C; this affects how radiocarbon dating works, and there are methods of adjusting for it.) When an organism dies, carbon stops being absorbed. Hence after 5730 years, about half of its 14C will have radioactively decayed (to nitrogen): only about 0.5ppt of the carbon of the organism’s remains will be 14C. And if the carbon of the remains is found to be 0.25ppt 14C, then the organism would be assumed to have died about 11460 years ago. Thus, a simple calculation can find the age, since death, from any 14C concentration. (Remains older than about 50000 years, however, have a 14C concentration that is in practice too small to measure; so they cannot be dated via 14C.) Ages are conventionally reported together with the standard deviation of the laboratory14C measurement, e.g. 900±25 14CBP (14C-dated, years Before Present). This should be doubled to obtain a 95%-confidence interval, e.g. 850– 950 14CBP. (The true range of 95%-confidence, though, will often be larger than this, due to non-laboratory sources of error—e.g. the admixture of impurities with the remains.) Although a tree may live for hundreds, even thousands, of years, each ring of a tree absorbs carbon only during the year in which it grows. The year in which a ring was grown can be determined exactly (by counting); so radiocarbon dating can be tested by measuring the 14C concentrations in old tree rings. Such testing found errors of up to several centuries. It turns out that the concentration of 14C in the carbon of the surface atmosphere has not been a constant 1ppt, but has varied...

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PHSC 210 Comparative Essay

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PHSC 210 Comparative Essay

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