MicroBiology_C453_Study_Guide_filled_out.docx Microbiology Study Questions Module 1: Ty

MicroBiology_C453_Study_Guide_filled_out.docx  Microbiology Study Questions  Module 1:  Types of Microorganisms  1)Describe the basic characteristics of bacteria.   a.Bacteria are small and come in many different shapes such as coccus, coccobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete. The cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative and acid-fast consist of peptidoglycan and acid-fast bacteria where almost 60% of the wall is lipids. Gram-positive have teichoic acid in the wall as well for movement into and out of the wall for ions. Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, flagellum, pilus, capsule or slime layer, chromosomes.   2)Describe the components of the following cell walls, including the size of the peptidoglycan layer and fully describe any unique components of the cell wall:  a.Gram positive- 60% peptidoglycan, teichoic acid  b.Gram negative- 10%-20% of peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide  c.Acid-fast- small amount of peptidoglycan, 60% lipids mycolic acid, waxes and glycolipids  3)What is an endotoxin?   What are the effects of endotoxin?  a.Endotoxins are a component of the exterior cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. They are Lipopolysaccharide and when the cell disintegrates these are released and can cause fevers and severe feelings of sickness.  4)Name examples of wall-deficient bacteria.   How do they survive without a cell wall?  a.Mycoplasma species and these bacteria can form when an antibiotic used is affect cell wall synthesis, most bacteria will die but some are left with no cell wall w