Test Bank For Standard Costing

STANDARD COSTING
D 1. The type of standard that is intended to represent challenging yet attainable
results is:
A. theoretical standard
B. flexible budget standard
C. controllable cost standard
D. normal standard
E. expected actual standard
A 2. Standard costs are used for all of the following except:
A. income determination
B. controlling costs
C. measuring efficiencies
D. forming a basis for price setting
E. establishing budgets
C 3. Of the following variances, the one that is most useful in assessing the
performance of the Purchasing Department is the:
A. idle capacity variance
B. overhead price variance
C. materials purchase price variance
D. labor rate variance
E. materials price usage variance
B 4. The labor efficiency variance is computed as:
A. the difference between standard and actual rates, multiplied by standard
hours
B. the difference between standard and actual hours, multiplied by standard
rate
C. the difference between standard and actual rates, multiplied by actual
hours
D. the difference between standard and actual hours, multiplied by the
difference between standard and actual rates
E. a percentage of the labor time variance
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B 5. The method used to assure fairness in the rates paid for each operation
performed by an employee is:
A. job costing
B. job rating
C. union contracting
D. the agreed-upon wages at the time of employment
E. labor rate variance analysis
D 6. Materials and labor cost standards are generally based on:
A. expected actual conditions, anticipated prices, and desired efficiency levels
B. theoretical conditions, present price levels, and desired efficiency levels
C. capacity conditions, anticipated prices, and desired efficiency levels
D. normal conditions, present price levels, and desired efficiency levels
E. theoretical conditions, anticipated prices, and theoretically attainable
efficiency levels
D 7. The most effective standards are set following a careful study of products and
operating conditions by the:
A. Accounting Department, central management, and the Industrial
Engineering Department
B. central management and the employees whose performance is being
evaluated
C. Accounting Department and engineering staff
D. Industrial Engineering Department and the employees whose performance
is being evaluated
E. central management and the Industrial Engineering Department
E 8. In analyzing factory overhead variances, the volume variance is the difference
between the:
A. actual amount spent for overhead items during the period and the amount
applied during the period
B. variable efficiency variance and fixed efficiency variance
C. amount shown in the flexible budget and the amount shown in the master
budget
D. master budget application rate and the flexible budget application rate,
multiplied by actual hours worked
E. budget allowance based on standard hours allowed for actual production for
the period and the amount of applied factory overhead during the period
D 9. The variance resulting from obtaining an output different from the one expected
on the basis of input is the:
A. mix variance
B. output variance
C. usage variance
D. yield variance
E. efficiency variance
A 10. In its reports to management, a company disclosed the presence of a fixed
efficiency variance. The procedure used to analyze variances was the:
A. four-variance method
B. mix and yield variances method
C. two-variance method
D. alternative three-variance method
E. three-variance method
D 11. A purpose of standard costing is to:
A. allocate cost with more accuracy
B. eliminate the need for subjective decisions by management
C. determine the "break-even" production level
D. control costs
E. all of the above
A 12. Which one of the following is true concerning standard costs?
A. If properly used, standards can help motivate employees.
B. Unfavorable variances, material in amount, should be investigated, but
large favorable variances need not be investigated.
C. Standard costs are difficult to use with a process costing system.
D. Standard costs are estimates of costs attainable only under the most ideal
conditions, but rarely practicable.
E. All of the above
A 13. When computing variances from standard costs, the difference between actual
and standard price multiplied by actual quantity yields a:
A. price variance
B. volume variance
C. mix variance
D. yield variance
E. combined price-quantity variance
E 14. A company controls its production costs by comparing its actual monthly
production costs with the expected levels. Any significant deviations from
expected levels are investigated and evaluated as a basis for corrective actions.
The quantitative technique that is most probably being used is:
A. time-series or trend regression analysis
B. correlation analysis
C. differential calculus
D. risk analysis
E. standard cost variance analysis
C 15. What type of direct material variances for price and usage will arise if the actual
number of pounds of materials used was less than standard pounds allowed but
actual cost exceeds standard cost?
Usage Price
A. unfavorable favorable
B. favorable favorable
C. favorable unfavorable
D. unfavorable unfavorable
E. none none
B 16. If a company follows a practice of isolating variances at the earliest time, the
appropriate time to isolate and recognize a direct materials price variance would
be when:
A. the purchase order is originated
B. materials are purchased
C. materials are issued
D. the materials requisition is prepared
E. materials are used in production
A 17. Which of the following would least likely cause an unfavorable materials quantity
(usage) variance?
A. labor that possesses skills equal to those required by the standards
B. scheduling of substantial overtime
C. a mix of direct materials that does not conform to plan
D. materials that do not meet specifications
E. machinery that has not been maintained properly
D 18. Information about Sargent Company's direct material costs is as follows:
Standard unit price $3.60
Actual quantity purchased 1,600
Standard quantity allowed for actual production 1,450
Materials purchase price varianceCunfavorable $240
What was the actual purchase price per unit, rounded to the nearest penny?
A. $3.06
B. $3.11
C. $3.45
D. $3.75
E. $3.60
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
$240 = 1,600 (x - $3.60)
1,600 x = $240 + $5,760
x = $3.75
C 19. Using the following symbols, which formula represents the calculation of the labor
rate variance?
AH = Actual hours
SH = Standard hours allowed for actual production
AR = Actual rate
SR = Standard rate
A. SR(AH - SH)
B. AR(AH - SH)
C. AH(AR - SR)
D. SH(AR - SR)
E. SH(SR - AR)
D 20. When a change in the manufacturing process reduces the number of direct labor
hours and standards are unchanged, the resulting variance will be:
A. an unfavorable labor usage variance
B. an unfavorable labor rate variance
C. a favorable labor rate variance
D. a favorable labor usage variance
E. both (C) and (D) above
B 21. The most probable reason a company would experience a favorable labor rate
variance and an unfavorable labor efficiency variance is that:
A. the mix of workers assigned to the particular job was heavily weighted
toward the use of higher paid, experienced individuals
B. the mix of workers assigned to the particular job was heavily weighted
toward the use of new, relatively low-paid, unskilled workers
C. because of the production schedule, workers from other production areas
were assigned to assist in this particular process
D. defective materials caused more labor to be used in order to produce a
standard unit
E. the actual price paid for materials that went into production was less than
the standard price that was expected to be paid
C 22. Information on Orman Company's direct labor costs is as follows:
Standard direct labor rate................................................................... $3.75
Actual direct labor rate........................................................................ $3.50
Standard direct labor hours................................................................. 10,000
Direct labor usage (efficiency) varianceCunfavorable......................... $ 4,200
What were the actual hours worked, rounded to the nearest hour?
A. 11,914
B. 10,714
C. 11,120
D. 11,200
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
$4,200 = $3.75 (x - 10,000)
$3.75 x = $4,200 + $37,500
x = 11,120
D 23. Each unit of Product 8in1 requires two direct labor hours. Employee benefit costs
are treated as direct labor costs. Data on direct labor are as follows:
Number of direct employees............................................................... 25
Weekly productive hours per employee.............................................. 30
Estimated weekly wages per employee.............................................. $240
Employee benefits (related to weekly wages)..................................... 25%
The standard direct labor cost per unit of Product 8in1 is:
A. $8.00
B. $10.00
C. $12.00
D. $20.00
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
B 24. J. R. Richard Company employs a standard absorption system for product costing.
The standard cost of its product is as follows:
Direct materials.................................................................................. $14.50
Direct labor (2 direct labor hours x $8)............................................... 16.00
Manufacturing overhead (2 direct labor hours x $11)......................... 22.00
Total standard cost.............................................................................. $52.50
The manufacturing overhead rate is based upon a normal activity level of
600,000 direct labor hours. Richard planned to produce 25,000 units each month
during the year. The budgeted annual manufacturing overhead is:
Variable...............................................................................................$3,600,000
Fixed................................................................................................... 3,000,000
............................................................................................................ $6,600,000
During November, Richard produced 26,000 units. Richard used 53,500 direct
labor hours in November at a cost of $433,350. Actual manufacturing overhead
for the month was $250,000 fixed and $325,000 variable.
The manufacturing overhead controllable variance for November is:
A. $9,000 unfavorable
B. $13,000 unfavorable
C. $9,000 favorable
D. $4,000 favorable
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
Actual factory overhead................................ $575,000
Budget allowance:
Variable factory overhead (52,000 x $6). $312,000
Budgeted fixed overhead......................... 250,000 562,000
Controllable variance.................................... $ 13,000
unfavorable
= $20 / unit
30 2
$240 + .25(240)
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B 25. J. R. Richard Company employs a standard absorption system for product costing.
The standard cost of its product is as follows:
Direct materials................................................................................. $14.50
Direct labor (2 direct labor hours x $8).............................................. 16.00
Manufacturing overhead (2 direct labor hours x $11)........................ 22.00
Total standard cost............................................................................ $52.50
The manufacturing overhead rate is based upon a normal activity level of
600,000 direct labor hours. Richard planned to produce 25,000 units each month
during the year. The budgeted annual manufacturing overhead is:
Variable............................................................................................. $3,600,000
Fixed................................................................................................. 3,000,000
$6,600,000
During November, Richard produced 26,000 units. Richard used 53,500 direct
labor hours in November at a cost of $433,350. Actual manufacturing overhead
for the month was $250,000 fixed and $325,000 variable.
The manufacturing overhead volume variance for November is:
A. $12,000 unfavorable
B. $10,000 unfavorable
C. $3,000 unfavorable
D. $9,000 unfavorable
E. $1,000 favorable
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
Budget allowance based on standard hours allowed
[(52,000 x $6) + $250,000]........................................ $ 562,000
Factory overhead applied at standard.............................. 572,000
Volume variance............................................................... $ (10,000) favorable
C 26. The following information relates to Department 1 of Ruiz Company for the fourth
quarter. The total overhead variance is divided into three variances: spending,
variable efficiency, and volume.
Actual total overhead (fixed plus variable).................. $178,500
Budget formula........................................................... $110,000 + $.50 per
hour
Total overhead application rate................................... $1.50 per hour
Actual hours worked.................................................... 121,000
What was the spending variance in this department during the quarter?
A. $8,000 favorable
B. $4,500 favorable
C. $8,000 unfavorable
D. $4,500 unfavorable
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
Actual factory overhead.................................. $178,500
Budget allowance:
Variable for actual hours
(121,000 x $.50)................................. $ 60,500
Fixed......................................................... 110,000 170,500
Spending variance.......................................... $ 8,000
unfavorable
A 27. The following information relates to Department 1 of Ruiz Company for the fourth
quarter. The total overhead variance is divided into three variances: spending,
variable efficiency, and volume.
Actual total overhead (fixed plus variable).................. $178,500
Budget formula........................................................... $110,000 + $.50 per
hour
Total overhead application rate................................... $1.50 per hour
Actual hours worked.................................................... 121,000
Standard hours allowed for production....................... 130,000
What was the variable efficiency variance in this department during the quarter?
A. $4,500 favorable
B. $8,000 favorable
C. $4,500 unfavorable
D. $8,000 unfavorable
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
Budget allowance for actual hours
[(121,000 x $.50) + $110,000]................. $170,500
Budget allowance for standard hours:
Variable (130,000 x $.50)......................... $ 65,000
Fixed......................................................... 110,000 175,000
Variable efficiency variance............................ $ (4,500) favorable
E 28. Under the two-variance method for analyzing factory overhead, the controllable
(budget) variance is the difference between the:
A. actual fixed factory overhead and the budgeted fixed overhead
B. budget allowance based on standard hours allowed and the factory
overhead applied to production
C. budget allowance based on standard hours allowed and the budget
allowance based on actual hours worked
D. actual factory overhead and the factory overhead applied to production
E. actual factory overhead and the budget allowance based on standard hours
allowed
A 29. Materials usage variances are normally chargeable to the:
A. Production Department
B. Purchasing Department
C. Finished Goods Department
D. Materials Storage Department
E. Factory Storeroom Department
C 30. Todco planned to produce 3,000 units of its single product, Teragram, during
November. The standard specifications for one unit of Teragram include six
pounds of material at $.30 per pound. Actual production in November was 3,100
units of Teragram. The accountant computed a favorable materials purchase
price variance of $380 and an unfavorable materials quantity variance of $120.
Based on these variances, one could conclude that:
A. more materials were purchased than were used
B. more materials were used than were purchased
C. the actual cost of materials was less than the standard cost
D. the actual usage of materials was less than the standard allowed
E. actual cost and usage of materials were both less than standard
D 31. Information on Duke Co.'s direct material costs for May is as follows:
Actual quantity of direct materials purchased and used.................... 30,000 lbs.
Actual cost of direct materials........................................................... $84,000
Unfavorable direct materials usage variance.................................... 3,000
Standard quantity of direct materials allowed for May production.... 29,000 lbs.
For the month of May, Duke's direct materials price variance was:
A. $2,800 favorable
B. $2,800 unfavorable
C. $6,000 unfavorable
D. $6,000 favorable
E. none of the above
SUPPORTING CALCULATION:
$3,000 = x (30,000 - 29,000)
1,000 x = $3,000
x = $3
y = $2.80 - $3.00(30,000)
y = ($6,000) favorable
A 32. A company uses a standard cost system to account for its only product. The
materials standard per unit was 4 lbs. at $5.10 per lb. Operating data for April
were as follows:
Material used..................................................................................... 7,800 lbs.
Cost of material used........................................................................ $40,950
Number of finished units produced................................................... 2,000
The material usage variance for April was:
A. $1,020 favorable
B. $1,050 favorable
C. $1,170 unfavorable
D. $1,200 unfavorable
E. none of the above
INTRO TO COST ACCOUNTING:
B 1. An organizational concept that groups business functions around
resources, processes, and human interrelations is the:
A. resources function
B. functional-teamwork concept
C. processes function
D. line-staff concept
E. matching concept
E 2. The measurement of performance and the control of costs is
aided the most by:
A. organizational charts
B. continuous supervision
C. preparation for the future
D. planning