HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice with complete solutions + Rationale 2022-23

HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice with complete solutions + Rationale 2022-23

1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?

 1. Calcium chloride

 2. Calcium gluconate

 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

 4. Large doses of vitamin D {{Correct Ans- 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

Rationale:

The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.

2.) Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?

 1. Milk

 2. Water

 3. Apple juice

 4. Orange juice {{Correct Ans- 4. Orange juice

Rationale:

Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.