Cash-back offer from April 23rd to 27th, 2024: Get a flat 10% cash-back credited to your account for a minimum transaction of $50.Post Your Questions Today!
What are the goals of a developmental theory?
1) Describe changes over time in one or more areas (such as thought, social behavior, language, perception)
2) Describe how changes in one area of development are related to changes in other areas of development
--Example: Vygotsky's theory of relationship between thought & language
3) Explain the course of development.
How do we understand nature v nurture?
Nature: Inborn, biological givens. Based on genetic inheritance
Nurture: Physical and social world that influences biological and psychological development
How do we understand stability v plasticity?
Stability: Individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages. Early experience may a have lifelong impact.
Plasticity: Change is possible, based on experiences.
How do we understand continuity v discontinuity?
Continuity: Continuous development of characteristics (learning to walk)
Discontinuity: Dramatic shifts of characteristic development (growth spurts)
What were Darwin's 2 main points regarding development?
Natural Selection: Species have characteristics that are adapted (or fit) to their environments.
Survival of the Fittest: Individuals best adapted to their environments survive to reproduce. Their genes are passed to later generations.
Define how Freud conceptualized personality.
Id: Largest portion of the mind. Unconscious, present at birth. Source of biological needs/desires.
Ego: Conscious, rational part of mind. Emerges in early infancy. Redirects id impulses acceptably.
Superego: The conscience - develops from ages 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers
What are Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development? Which is most relevant for adolescents? What major task occurs in this stage?
The most relevant for adolescents is formal operational stage
What is the Information Processing theory of development?
Human brain is symbol-manipulating system:
input = experiences, output = behavioral response
Development seen as continuously changing, not formal stages
What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period? What types of development milestones are associated with each?
Critical period: The limited window of time that one needs to learn something (syntax and grammar)
Sensitive period: optimal time to learn something (learning a foreign language is easier at a younger age)
What is Ecological Systems Theory? How is it the same/different from Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory?
Ecological systems theory: development is affected by everything in the environment.
Sociocultural theory: cultures are transmitted between generations
They both focus on the environment and how it affects development but the ecological systems theory is more constructed around all parts of the environment a child grows up in.
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: Genetic make-up of an individual
Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an individual
What are the types of twins? How do these translate into twin studies regarding development?
Fraternal/Dizygotic: two zygotes, or fertilized ova
Identical/Monozygotic: one zygote that divides into two individuals
What is the difference between imprinting and mutation? How could this be relevant for adolescents?
Imprinting: Chemical marker that activates either father's or mother's gene - often temporary (cancer)
Mutation: Sudden, permanent change in a DNA segment (down syndrome)
What are some reproductive cho...
What are the goals of a developmental theory?
1) Describe changes over time in one or more areas (such as thought, social behavior, language, perception)
2) Describe how changes in one area of development are related to changes in other areas of development
--Example: Vygotsky's theory of relationship between thought & language
3) Explain the course of development.
How do we understand nature v nurture?
Nature: Inborn, biological givens. Based on genetic inheritance
Nurture: Physical and social world that influences biological and psychological development
How do we understand stability v plasticity?
Stability: Individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages. Early experience may a have lifelong impact.
Plasticity: Change is possible, based on experiences.
How do we understand continuity v discontinuity?
Continuity: Continuous development of characteristics (learning to walk)
Discontinuity: Dramatic shifts of characteristic development (growth spurts)
What were Darwin's 2 main points regarding development?
Natural Selection: Species have characteristics that are adapted (or fit) to their environments.
Survival of the Fittest: Individuals best adapted to their environments survive to reproduce. Their genes are passed to later generations.
Define how Freud conceptualized personality.
Id: Largest portion of the mind. Unconscious, present at birth. Source of biological needs/desires.
Ego: Conscious, rational part of mind. Emerges in early infancy. Redirects id impulses acceptably.
Superego: The conscience - develops from ages 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers
What are Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development? Which is most relevant for adolescents? What major task occurs in this stage?
The most relevant for adolescents is formal operational stage
What is the Information Processing theory of development?
Human brain is symbol-manipulating system:
input = experiences, output = behavioral response
Development seen as continuously changing, not formal stages
What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period? What types of development milestones are associated with each?
Critical period: The limited window of time that one needs to learn something (syntax and grammar)
Sensitive period: optimal time to learn something (learning a foreign language is easier at a younger age)
What is Ecological Systems Theory? How is it the same/different from Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory?
Ecological systems theory: development is affected by everything in the environment.
Sociocultural theory: cultures are transmitted between generations
They both focus on the environment and how it affects development but the ecological systems theory is more constructed around all parts of the environment a child grows up in.
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: Genetic make-up of an individual
Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an individual
What are the types of twins? How do these translate into twin studies regarding development?
Fraternal/Dizygotic: two zygotes, or fertilized ova
Identical/Monozygotic: one zygote that divides into two individuals
What is the difference between imprinting and mutation? How could this be relevant for adolescents?
Imprinting: Chemical marker that activates either father's or mother's gene - often temporary (cancer)
Mutation: Sudden, permanent change in a DNA segment (down syndrome)
What are some reproductive cho...
What are the goals of a developmental theory?
1) Describe changes over time in one or more areas (such as thought, social behavior, language, perception)
2) Describe how changes in one area of development are related to changes in other areas of development
--Example: Vygotsky's theory of relationship between thought & language
3) Explain the course of development.
How do we understand nature v nurture?
Nature: Inborn, biological givens. Based on genetic inheritance
Nurture: Physical and social world that influences biological and psychological development
How do we understand stability v plasticity?
Stability: Individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages. Early experience may a have lifelong impact.
Plasticity: Change is possible, based on experiences.
How do we understand continuity v discontinuity?
Continuity: Continuous development of characteristics (learning to walk)
Discontinuity: Dramatic shifts of characteristic development (growth spurts)
What were Darwin's 2 main points regarding development?
Natural Selection: Species have characteristics that are adapted (or fit) to their environments.
Survival of the Fittest: Individuals best adapted to their environments survive to reproduce. Their genes are passed to later generations.
Define how Freud conceptualized personality.
Id: Largest portion of the mind. Unconscious, present at birth. Source of biological needs/desires.
Ego: Conscious, rational part of mind. Emerges in early infancy. Redirects id impulses acceptably.
Superego: The conscience - develops from ages 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers
What are Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development? Which is most relevant for adolescents? What major task occurs in this stage?
The most relevant for adolescents is formal operational stage
What is the Information Processing theory of development?
Human brain is symbol-manipulating system:
input = experiences, output = behavioral response
Development seen as continuously changing, not formal stages
What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period? What types of development milestones are associated with each?
Critical period: The limited window of time that one needs to learn something (syntax and grammar)
Sensitive period: optimal time to learn something (learning a foreign language is easier at a younger age)
What is Ecological Systems Theory? How is it the same/different from Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory?
Ecological systems theory: development is affected by everything in the environment.
Sociocultural theory: cultures are transmitted between generations
They both focus on the environment and how it affects development but the ecological systems theory is more constructed around all parts of the environment a child grows up in.
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: Genetic make-up of an individual
Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an individual
What are the types of twins? How do these translate into twin studies regarding development?
Fraternal/Dizygotic: two zygotes, or fertilized ova
Identical/Monozygotic: one zygote that divides into two individuals
What is the difference between imprinting and mutation? How could this be relevant for adolescents?
Imprinting: Chemical marker that activates either father's or mother's gene - often temporary (cancer)
Mutation: Sudden, permanent change in a DNA segment (down syndrome)
What are some reproductive ...
Other Related Questions
No related question exists
The benefits of buying study notes from CourseMerits
Assurance Of Timely Delivery
We value your patience, and to ensure you always receive your homework help within the promised time, our dedicated team of tutors begins their work as soon as the request arrives.
Best Price In The Market
All the services that are available on our page cost only a nominal amount of money. In fact, the prices are lower than the industry standards. You can always expect value for money from us.
Uninterrupted 24/7 Support
Our customer support wing remains online 24x7 to provide you seamless assistance. Also, when you post a query or a request here, you can expect an immediate response from our side.
